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Fulk IV (in French Foulques IV) (1043-14 April 1109), called le Réchin, was the Count of Anjou from 1068 until his death.[1][2] The nickname by which he is usually referred has no certain translation. Philologists have made numerous very different suggestions, including "quarreler", "rude", "sullen", "surly" and "heroic". Early life Fulk, born 1043,[3] was the younger son of Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais (sometimes known as Aubri), and Ermengarde of Anjou. Ermengarde was a daughter of Fulk the Black, count of Anjou,[2] and the sister of Geoffrey Martel who preceded Fulk and his brother Geoffrey as Count of Anjou.[2] Count of Anjou When Geoffrey Martel died without direct heirs he left Anjou to his nephew Geoffrey III of Anjou, Fulk le Réchin's older brother.[4] Fulk fought with his brother, whose rule was deemed incompetent, and captured him in 1067.[5] Under pressure from the Church he released Geoffrey. The two brothers soon fell to fighting again, and the next year Geoffrey was again imprisoned by Fulk, this time for good.[6] Substantial territory was lost to Angevin control due to the difficulties resulting from Geoffrey's poor rule and the subsequent civil war. Saintonge was lost, and Fulk had to give the Gâtinais to Philip I of France to placate the king.[7] Much of Fulk's rule was devoted to regaining control over the Angevin baronage, and to a complex struggle with Normandy for influence in Maine and Brittany.[8] Author of the History of Anjou In 1096 Fulk wrote an incomplete history of Anjou and its rulers titled Fragmentum historiae Andegavensis or "History of Anjou." The authorship and authenticity of this work is disputed.[9] Only the first part of the history, describing Fulk's ancestry, is extant. The second part, supposedly describing Fulk's own rule, has not been recovered. If he did write it, it is one of the first medieval works of history written by a layman.[a][10] Succession[edit] He died in 1109 leaving the restoration of the countship, as it was under Geoffrey Martel, to his successors.[11] Family Fulk may have married as many as five times; there is some doubt regarding the exact number or how many he repudiated.[12] His first wife was Hildegarde of Beaugency.[2] Together they had a daughter: Ermengarde, who married firstly William IX, count of Poitou and duke of Aquitaine and secondly to Alan IV, Duke of Brittany.[2] After her death, before or by 1070, he married Ermengarde de Bourbon in 1070. Together they had a son: Geoffrey IV Martel, ruled jointly with him for some time, but died in 1106.[2] c.?1076 Orengarde de Châtellailon.[2] Both these were repudiated (Ermengarde de Bourbon in 1075 and Orengarde de Chatellailon or Châtel-Aillon in 1080), possibly on grounds of consanguinity. He then married an unnamed daughter of Walter I of Brienne. This marriage also ended in divorce, in 1087. Lastly, in 1089, he married Bertrade de Montfort,[2] who was apparently "abducted" by King Philip I of France in or around 1092.[b] They had a son: Fulk V "le June", Count of Anjou and King of Jerusalem.[2] Notes Jump up ^ It is entirely plausible that Fulk may have made use of scribes to write this work. See: Nicholas L. Paul, The Chronicle of Fulk le Rechin: a reassessment, Haskins Society Journal 18: Studies in Medieval History, 2006, eds. Stephen Morillo; Diane Korngiebel (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2007), pp. 19-35. Jump up ^ It remains uncertain whether Philip had her taken by force or whether she left Fulk of her own accord as chroniclers presented differing versions. See: Bradbury, The Capetians (2007) p. 119. References Jump up ^ K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Family Trees and the Root of Politics; A Prosopography of Britain and France from the Tenth to the Twelfth Century (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1997), p. 257 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II: Die Ausserdeutschen Staaten Die Regierenden Häuser der Übrigen Staaten Europas (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A., Stargardt, 1984) Tafel 82 Jump up ^ Jim Bradbury, 'Fulk le Rechin and the Origin of the Plantagenets', Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. Allen Brown, eds. Christopher Harper-Bill, Christopher J. Holdsworth, Janet L. Nelson (Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press, 1989), p. 27 Jump up ^ Jim Bradbury, 'Fulk le Réchin and the Origin of the Plantagenets', Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. Allen Brown, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill, Christopher J. Holdsworth, Janet L. Nelson (The Boydell Press, 1989), p. 27 Jump up ^ Jim Bradbury, 'Fulk le Réchin and the Origin of the Plantagenets', Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. Allen Brown, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill, Christopher J. Holdsworth, Janet L. Nelson (The Boydell Press, 1989), p. 31 Jump up ^ Jim Bradbury, 'Fulk le Réchin and the Origin of the Plantagenets', Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. Allen Brown, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill, Christopher J. Holdsworth, Janet L. Nelson (The Boydell Press, 1989), p. 32 Jump up ^ Jean Dunbabin, France in the Making, 843-1180, Second Edition (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 189 Jump up ^ Jean Dunbabin, France in the Making, 843-1180, Second Edition (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 189-90 Jump up ^ Nicholas L. Paul, 'The Chronicle of Fulk le Rechin: a Reassessment', The Haskins Society Journal 18: Studies in Medieval History, ed. Stephen Morillo, Diane Korngiebel (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2007) pp. 20-1 Jump up ^ "From Chroniques des comtes d'Anjou et des seigneurs d'Amboise, ed. Louis Halphen and René Poupardin (Paris, 1913), pp. 232-38. (quoted text)". Retrieved 2009-07-20. Jump up ^ Jean Dunbabin, France in the Making, 843-1180, Second Edition (Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), p. 190 Jump up ^ Jim Bradbury, 'Fulk le Réchin and the Origin of the Plantagenets', Studies in Medieval History Presented to R. Allen Brown, Ed. Christopher Harper-Bill, Christopher J. Holdsworth, Janet L. Nelson (The Boydell Press, 1989), p. 36 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
William B.
