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Petronilla (29 June 1136- 15 October 1173),[1] whose name is also spelled Petronila or Petronella (Aragonese Peyronela or Payronella,[2] and Catalan: Peronella), was the Queen of Aragon from the abdication of her father in 1137 until her own abdication in 1164. She was the daughter and successor of Ramiro II by his queen, Agnes of Aquitaine. She was the last ruling member of the Jiménez dynasty in Aragon, and by marriage brought the throne to the House of Barcelona. Reign Petronilla came to the throne through special circumstances. Her father, Ramiro, was bishop of Barbastro-Roda when his brother, Alfonso I, died without an heir in 1134, and left the crown to the three religious military orders. His decision was not respected: the aristocracy of Navarre elected a king of their own, restoring their independence, and the nobility of Aragon raised Ramiro to the throne. As king, he received a papal dispensation to abdicate from his monastic vows in order to secure the succession to the throne. King Ramiro the Monk, as he is known, married Agnes of Aquitaine in 1135; their only child, Petronilla, was born the next year in Huesca. Her marriage was a very important matter of state. The nobility had rejected the proposition of Alfonso VII of Castile to arrange a marriage between Petronilla and his son Sancho and to educate her at his court. When she was just a little over one year old, Petronilla was betrothed in Barbastro on 11 August 1137 to Raymond Berengar IV, Count of Barcelona, who was twenty-three years her senior.[3] At El Castellar on 13 November, Ramiro abdicated, transferred authority to Ramon Berenguer and returned to monastic life.[3] Ramon Berenger de facto ruled the kingdom using the title of "Prince of the Aragonese" (princeps Aragonensis). In August 1150, when Petronilla was fourteen, the betrothal were ratified at a wedding ceremony held in the city of Lleida.[4] Petronilla consummated her marriage to Ramon Berenguer in the early part of 1151, when she reached the age of 15. The marriage produced five children: Peter (1152-57), Raymond Berengar (1157-96), Peter (1158-81), Dulce (1160-98) and Sancho (1161-1223). While she was pregnant with the first, on 4 April 1152, she wrote up a will bequeathing her kingdom to her husband in case she did not survive childbirth.[5] While her husband was away in Provence (1156-57), where he was regent (since 1144) for the young Count Raymond Berengar II, Petronilla remained in Barcelona. Accounting records show her moving between there and Vilamajor and Sant Celoni while presiding over the court in Raymond Berengar's absence.[6] Widowhood After her husband's death in 1162, Petronilla received the prosperous County of Besalú and the Vall de Ribes for life. Her eldest son was seven years old when, on 18 July 1164, Petronilla abdicated the throne of Aragon and passed it to him. When Raymond Berengar inherited the throne from his mother, he changed his name to Alfonso out of deference to the Aragonese. The second son named Peter then changed his name to Raymond Berengar. Petronilla died in Barcelona in October 1173 and was buried at Barcelona Cathedral; her tomb has been lost. After her death, Besalú and Vall de Ribes reverted to the direct domain of the Count of Barcelona, her son Alfonso, who by 1174 had bestowed Besalú on his queen, Sancha.[7] In the Ribes, the local bailiff, Ramon, had carved out for himself "a virtually independent administrative authority" there. He had conducted an inventory for Petronilla after Raymond Berengar's death, and his son and namesake was in power in 1198.[8] Notes Jump up ^ Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa Jump up ^ Ana Isabel Lapeña Paúl (2008): "Apéndice III. Ramiro II en la Crónica de San Juan de la Peña". Ramiro II de Aragón: el rey monje (1134-1137). Gijón: Trea. p. 298. ISBN 978-84-9704-392-2 ^ Jump up to: a b B. F. Reilly, The Kingdom of León-Castilla Under King Alfonso VII, 1126-1157 (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998), 61. Jump up ^ Reilly, The Kingdom of León-Castilla Under King Alfonso VII, 109. Jump up ^ Reilly, The Kingdom of León-Castilla Under King Alfonso VII, 118. Jump up ^ T. N. Bisson, Fiscal Accounts of Catalonia under the Early Count-Kings (1151-1213) (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 50. Jump up ^ Bisson, Fiscal Accounts, 179. Jump up ^ Bisson, Fiscal Accounts, 185. Sources Bisson, Thomas N. The Medieval Crown of Aragon: A Short History. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000. Chaytor, Henry John. A History of Aragon and Catalonia. London: Methuan, 1933. Stalls, William C. "Queenship and the Royal Patrimony in Twelfth-Century Iberia: The Example of Petronilla of Aragon", Queens, Regents and Potentates, Women of Power, vol. 1 (Boydell & Brewer, 1995), 49-61. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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