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Richard FitzAlan, 4th or 11th Earl of Arundel and 9th or 10th Earl of Surrey, KG (1346 - 21 September 1397) was an English medieval nobleman and military commander. Lineage Born in 1346, he was the son of Richard FitzAlan, 3rd Earl of Arundel and Eleanor of Lancaster.[2] He succeeded his father to the title of Earl of Arundel on 24 January 1376. His brother was Thomas Arundel, the Bishop of Ely from 1374 to 1388, Archbishop of York from 1388 to 1397, and Archbishop of Canterbury in 1397 and from 1399 until his death in 1414.[3] At the coronation of Richard II, Richard FitzAlan carried the crown.[2] Admiral In 1377, Richard FitzAlan held the title of Admiral of the West and South.[2] In this capacity, he attacked Harfleur at Whitsun 1378, but was forced to return to his ships by the defenders. Later, he and John of Gaunt attempted to seize Saint-Malo but were unsuccessful.[4] Power Struggle[edit] FitzAlan was closely aligned with Thomas, Duke of Gloucester, who was uncle of King Richard II. Thomas was opposed to Richard II's desire for peace with France in the Hundred Years War and a power struggle ensued between him and Gloucester. In late 1386, Gloucester forced King Richard II to name himself and Richard FitzAlan to the King's Council.[5] This Council was to all intents and purposes a Regency Council for Richard II. However, Richard limited the duration of the Council's powers to one year.[6] Knight of the Garter In 1386, Richard II named Richard FitzAlan Admiral of England, as well as being made a Knight of the Garter.[2] As Admiral of England, he defeated a Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet off Margate in March 1387, along with Thomas de Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham.[6] New Favourites In August of 1387, the King dismissed Gloucester and FitzAlan from the Council and replaced them with his favourites - including the Archbishop of York, Alexander Neville; the Duke of Ireland, Robert de Vere; Michael de la Pole; the Earl of Suffolk, Sir Robert Tresilian, who was the Chief Justice; and the former Mayor of London Nicholas Brembre.[7] Radcot Bridge The King summoned Gloucester and FitzAlan to a meeting. However, instead of coming, they raised troops and defeated the new Council at Radcot Bridge on 22 December 1387. During that battle, they took the favorites prisoner. The next year, the Merciless Parliament condemned the favorites. FitzAlan was one of the Lords Appellant who accused and condemned Richard II's favorites.[5] He made himself particularly odious to the King by refusing, along with Gloucester, to spare the life of Sir Simon Burley who had been condemned by the Merciless Parliament. This was even after the queen, Anne of Bohemia, went down on her knees before them to beg for mercy. King Richard never forgave this humiliation and planned and waited for his moment of revenge. In 1394, FitzAlan further antagonized the King by arriving late for the queen's funeral. Richard II, in a rage, snatched a wand and struck FitzAlan in the face and drew blood. Shortly after that, the King feigned a reconciliation but he was only biding his time for the right moment to strike. Arundel was named Governor of Brest in 1388.[2] Opposed to Peace Peace was concluded with France in 1389. However, Richard FitzAlan followed Gloucester's lead and stated that he would never agree with the peace that had been concluded.[5] Marriage and children Arundel married twice. His first wife was Elizabeth de Bohun, daughter of William de Bohun, Lord High Constable of England, 8th Earl of Hereford, 6th Earl of Essex, 1st Earl of Northampton and Elizabeth de Badlesmere. They married around 28 September 1359 and had seven children:[2][8] Thomas FitzAlan, 5th Earl of Arundel[2] Lady Eleanor FitzAlan (c.1365- 1375), on 28 October 1371, at the age of about six, married Robert de Ufford. Died childless. Elizabeth FitzAlan(c.1366 - 8 July 1425), married first William Montacute (before December 1378); no issue. Married second, in 1384, Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk; had issue. Married third, before August 1401, Sir Robert Goushill of Hoveringham; had issue. Married fourth, before 1411, Sir Gerard Afflete; no issue.[2][9] Joan FitzAlan (1375 - 14 November 1435), who married William Beauchamp, 1st Baron Bergavenny;[2] Alice FitzAlan (1378- before October 1415), married before March 1392, John Charleton, 4th Baron Cherleton. (not mentioned as an heir of Thomas in the Complete Peerage). Had an affair with Cardinal Henry Beaufort, by whom she had an illegitimate daughter, Jane Beaufort.[4] Margaret FitzAlan, who married Sir Rowland Lenthall;[2] by whom she had two sons. William (or Richard) FitzAlan After the death of his first wife in 1385, Arundel married Philippa Mortimer, daughter of Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March. Her mother was Philippa Plantagenet, the only daughter of Lionel of Antwerp and thus a granddaughter of Edward III. They had no children.[2] Death and Succession On 12 July 1397, Richard FitzAlan was arrested for his opposition to Richard II,[2] as well as plotting with Gloucester to imprison the king.[10] He stood trial at Westminster and was attainted.[11] He was beheaded on 21 September 1397 and was buried in the church of the Augustin Friars, Bread Street, London.[2] Tradition holds that his final words were said to the executioner, "Torment me not long, strike off my head in one blow".[12] In October 1400, the attainder was reversed, and Richard's son Thomas succeeded to his father's estates and honors.[2] Notes Jump up ^ Some Feudal Coats of Arms and Pedigrees. Joseph Foster. 1902. (p.115) ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n G. E. C. The Complete Peerage p. 244-245 Jump up ^ Powell, et al. The House of Lords p. 398 Jump up ^ Seward The Hundred Years War p. 124-125 ^ Jump up to: a b c Seward The Hundred Years War p. 136-139 ^ Jump up to: a b Powell et al. The House of Lords p. 400-401 Jump up ^ Powell et al. The House of Lords p. 404 Jump up ^ Charles Cawley, Medieval Lands, Earls of Arundel (Fitzalan) Jump up ^ Memorials of the Order of the Garter, from Its Foundation to the Present ... By George Frederick p. 298 accessed 1 November 2007 Jump up ^ Seward The Hundred Years War p. 142 Jump up ^ Powell et al. The House of Lords p. 417 Jump up ^ Thomas B. Costain The Last Plantagenets, page 200 References Cokayne, G. E. The Complete Peerage Microprint Edition Gloucester: Sutton Publishing 2000 ISBN 0-904387-82-8 Some proposed Corrections to the Complete Peerage accessed on 10 July 2007 Powell, J. Enoch and Wallis, Keith The House of Lords in the Middle Ages: A History of the English House of Lords to 1540 London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1968 ISBN 0-297-76105-6 Seward, Desmond The Hundred Years War: The English in France, 1337-1453 New York: Atheneum ISBN 0-689-70628-6 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Another version: Richard FitzAlan, Earl of Arundel, one of the chief opponents of Richard II. He began as a member of the royal council during the minority of Richard II and about 1381 was made one of the young king's governors. About 1385 he joined the baronial party led by the King's uncle, Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester, and in 1386 was a member of the commission appointed to regulate the kingdom and the royal household. As admiral of the west and south he gained a victory over the French and their allies off Margate in 1387. Then came the King's futile attempt to arrest Arundel, which was the signal for the outbreak of hostilities. The Gloucester faction quickly gained the upper hand, and Arundel was again a member of the royal council. After a personal altercation with the King at Westminster in 1394, Arundel underwent a short imprisonment. In 1397 he was involved in a conspiracy against Richard II and was beheaded on Tower Hill. The oldest extant Earldom (and perhaps the oldest extant title) in the English peerage is the Earldom of Arundel currently held by the Duke of Norfolk, and used as a courtesy title by his heir. The title of Earl of Arundel was first created in 1138 for the Norman baron William d'Aubigny. The earlier earls were frequently also known as Earl of Sussex, until the mid 13th century, when this title fell into disuse. At about the same time, the Earldom fell to the originally Breton Fitzalan family, a younger branch of which went on to become the Stewart family which later ruled Scotland. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite.
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