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Robert de Vere (c. 1164 - before 25 October 1221), hereditary Master Chamberlain of England,[1] was the second surviving son of Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford, and Agnes of Essex. He succeeded his brother as Earl of Oxford, and was one of the guarantors of Magna Carta. Robert de Vere was the second surviving son of Aubrey de Vere, 1st Earl of Oxford, and his third wife, Agnes of Essex. The date of his birth is not known, but he was likely born after 1164. Almost nothing is known of his life until 1207, when he married Isabel de Bolebec, the widow of Henry de Nonant (d.1206) of Totnes, Devon. Isabel and her sister, Constance, wife of Ellis de Beauchamp, had each inherited half the barony of Whitchurch from their father, and after the death of Constance, Isabel was heir to the entire barony of Whitchurch.[2] In 1206-7 Isabel and Constance were also co-heiresses of their niece, another Isabel de Bolebec,[3] wife of Robert de Vere's brother, Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford.[4] When Robert's brother, Aubrey de Vere, 2nd Earl of Oxford, died in 1214, Robert succeeded to his title and estates and the hereditary office of Master Chamberlain of England. At the time of the 2nd Earl's death the dower of his second wife, Alice, said to have been a daughter of Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of Norfolk,[5] had not been formalized. In 1215 Oxford settled his sister-in-law's dower by lot, drawing two knights' fees for every one drawn by Alice,[6] the only known instance of dower being settled in this manner. Oxford joined the disaffected barons who met at Stamford and forced King John to sign Magna Carta at Runnymede on 15 June 1215, and was elected one of the 25 barons who were guarantors of the King's adherence to its terms. Together with other Magna Carta barons he was excommunicated as a rebel by Pope Innocent III on 16 December 1215, and joined them in offering the crown to Prince Louis of France.[7] Oxford took up arms against the King, but pledged loyalty to him after the King had taken Castle Hedingham in March 1216. However later in the same year he did homage to Prince Louis at Rochester.[8] Louis entered London, and was proclaimed King. On 14 June 1216, he captured Winchester, and soon controlled over half of England.[9] In the midst of this crisis, King John died on the night of 18-19 October 1216.[10] His death caused many of the barons to desert Louis in favour of John's nine-year-old son, Henry III. In 1217 Prince Louis retook Castle Hedingham and restored it to Oxford, but despite this Oxford transferred his allegiance to the new King in October 1217. Although he did homage, he was not fully restored in his offices and lands until February 1218. Earl Robert served as a king's justice in 1220-21, and died before 21 October 1221. He was buried at Hatfield Regis Priory, where either his son, Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford, or his grandson, Robert de Vere, 5th Earl of Oxford had an effigy erected in which he is depicted in chain mail, cross-legged, pulling his sword from its scabbard and holding a shield with the arms of the Veres.[11] Issue Robert de Vere and Isabel de Bolebec had a son, Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford, and a daughter, Eleanor, who married Sir Ralph Gernon of Easthorpe, Essex.[12] Footnotes ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 261. ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 261. ^ The fact that aunt and niece had identical names, Isabel de Bolbec, and were successively Countesses of Oxford, has led to confusion between the two. ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 261. ^ Cokayne 1945, p. 210. ^ Cokayne 1945, p. 210. ^ Cokayne 1945, p. 211; Richardson IV 2011, p. 261. ^ Cokayne 1945, pp. 211-212. ^ Alan Harding (1993), England in the Thirteenth Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 10. ^ Gillingham 2004. ^ "Royal Commission Historical Monuments" Essex, II, 119 & plate 122. ^ Cokayne 1945, p. 210; Richardson IV 2011, p. 262. References Cokayne, George Edward (1945). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday X. London: St. Catherine Press. Richardson, Douglas (2011). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, ed. Kimball G. Everingham IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 1460992709 Earl of Oxford was one of the oldest titles in the English peerage, and was held for several centuries by the de Vere family. It finally became dormant in 1703 with the death of the 20th Earl. Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, is perhaps the most famous of the line, due to the claims put forward by some that he was the actual author of the works of William Shakespeare (see Shakespeare authorship). The Vere Earls of Oxford were also hereditary holders of the office of Lord Great Chamberlain until the death of the 18th Earl in 1625. http://en.wikipedia.org
William B.
