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Henry Beaufort (born about 1375, died 11 April 1447) was a medieval English clergyman, Bishop of Winchester,[1] a member of the royal house of Plantagenet,[2] and Cardinal.[1] Life The second of the four illegitimate children of John of Gaunt and his mistress Katherine Swynford, Beaufort was born in Anjou, an English domain in France, and educated for a career in the Church. After his parents were married in early 1396, Henry, his two brothers and one sister were declared legitimate by the pope and legitimated by Act of Parliament on 9 February 1397, but they were barred from the succession to the throne;[3][4][5] this later proviso, that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the exact phrase being excepta regali dignitate (English: the royal dignity excepted), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry of Bolingbroke.[citation needed] On 27 February 1398 he was nominated Bishop of Lincoln and on 14 July 1398 he was consecrated.[6] When his half-brother deposed Richard and took the throne as Henry IV of England,[citation needed] he made Bishop Beaufort Lord Chancellor of England in 1403.[7] Beaufort resigned that position in 1404 when he was appointed Bishop of Winchester on 19 November.[8] Between 1411 and 1413, Bishop Beaufort was in political disgrace for siding with his nephew, the Prince of Wales, against the King, but when King Henry IV died and the Prince became Henry V of England,[citation needed] he made his uncle Chancellor again in 1413; however, Beaufort resigned the position in 1417.[7] Pope Martin V offered the Bishop a Cardinal's hat, but King Henry V would not let him accept it. Henry V died in 1422, shortly after making himself heir to France by marrying Charles VI's daughter, and their infant son Henry VI of England. Bishop Beaufort and the child king's other uncles formed the Regency Government of England 1422-1437,[citation needed] and in 1424 Beaufort became Chancellor once more, but was forced to resign again in 1426 because of disputes with the King's other uncles.[7] Part of Halsway Manor in Somerset is said to have been built by Beaufort as his hunting lodge.[9] He is traditionally held to have built the north aisle of the Church of St Mary at Stogumber "as penance for his lax life whilst at his Hunting lodge".[10] The North Aisle has been reliably dated to circa 1500, half a century after Beaufort's death, but may have been built with money left by Beaufort to his son-in-law Sir John Stradling. No reliable evidence has been found to support the contention that the North Aisle was built as penance for the Cardinal's lax life. Pope Martin V finally made him a Cardinal in 1426.[7] In 1427 Martin made Beaufort the Papal Legate for Germany, Hungary, and Bohemia, and directed him to lead the fourth "crusade" against the Hussites heretics in Bohemia. Beaufort's forces were routed by the Hussites at the Battle of Tachov on 4 August 1427.[11] When the English captured Joan of Arc in 1431, Beaufort was present observing at some of the heresy trial sessions which was presided over by Bishop Pierre Cauchon of Beaumaris. And he was present at her execution. The records say that he wept as he viewed the horrible scene as she was burned at the stake. It is possible that Cardinal Beaufort was working behind the scenes to engineer the verdict. He was intimately tied to the royal family so it was very much in his families interest that Joan be discredited. Interestingly in Winchester Cathedral where Cardinal Beaufort is buried in a magnificent tomb, on the wall across from his final resting place is a large statue of Saint Joan of Arc looking down on the tomb of Henry. Beaufort continued to be active in English politics for years, fighting with the other powerful advisors to the King .[citation needed] He died on 11 April 1447[8] He suffered from delirium on his deathbed and, as he hallucinated, according to legend he offered Death the whole treasury of England in return for living a while longer. Affair and daughter When Henry was Bishop of Lincoln, he supposedly had an affair with Alice FitzAlan (1378-1415), the daughter of Richard FitzAlan and Elizabeth de Bohun and the widow of John Charleton , 4th Baron Cherleton; there is no contemporary documentation to support this allegation and the theory has been countered by Brad Verity.[12] "Henry fathered an illegitimate daughter, Jane Beaufort, in 1402, who some make Alice's daughter. Both Jane and her husband, Sir Edward Stradling, were named in Cardinal Beaufort's will. Their marriage about 1423 brought Sir Edward into the political orbit of his shrewd and assertive father-in-law, to whom he may have owed his appointment as chamberlain of South Wales in December 1423, a position he held until March 1437."[13] Notes ^ Jump up to: a b Miranda, Salvador. "Henry Beaufort". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved 19 April 2009. Jump up ^ Rosenthal, Joel Thomas (1970). "The Training of an Elite Group: English Bishops in the Fifteenth Century". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series ed.) 60 (5): 7. Jump up ^ Cokayne Complete Peerage Volume XII pp. 40-41 Jump up ^ Schofield, Nicholas; Skinner, Gerald (2007). The English Cardinals. Oxford: Family Publications. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-871217-65-0. Jump up ^ Williams, David (1996). British Royalty. London: Cassell. pp. 240-241. ISBN 0-304-34933-X. Jump up ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 256 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 87 ^ Jump up to: a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 277 Jump up ^ John Lloyd Warden Page (1895). An Exploration of Exmoor and the Hill Country of West Somerset: With Notes. Seeley & Co., Ltd. pp. 228, 267. Jump up ^ "Stogumber". Quantock Online. Retrieved 6 November 2011. Jump up ^ Harriss, G. L. (1987). "Henry Beaufort, 'Cardinal of England'". Proceedings of the 1986 Harlaxton Symposium: England in the Fifteenth Century (Woodbridge: Paul Watkins Publishing): 123-4. Jump up ^ Verity, Brad (2004). "A Non-Affair to Remember - The Alleged Liaison of Cardinal Beaufort and Alice of Arundel". Foundations 1 (4): 246-268. (subscription required (help)). Jump up ^ R. A. Griffiths, Conquerors and Conquered in Medieval Wales, 1994 References Cokayne, George E. (1982). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant XII (Microprint ed.). Gloucester [England]: A. Sutton. ISBN 0-904387-82-8. Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ancestor of President John Quincy Adams. Ancestor of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
William B.
