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Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and 3rd Baron of Connaught (1259 - 29 July 1326), called The Red Earl (Latinized to de Burgo), was one of the most powerful Irish nobles of the late 13th and early 14th centuries. Early life Richard's father was Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (of the second creation) & Lord of Connacht.,[1] who was the second son of Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Lord of Connaught and Egidia de Lacy. "Richard Óg", means "Richard the Young", which may be a reference to his youth when he became earl in 1271, or to differentiate him from his grandfather, Richard Mór. Earl of Ulster Richard Óg was the most powerful of the de Burgh Earls of Ulster, succeeding his father in Ulster and Connacht upon reaching his majority in 1280.[1] He was a friend of King Edward I of England, and ranked first among the Earls of Ireland. Richard married Margaret, the daughter of his cousin John de Burgh (also spelled de Borough) and Cecily Baillol.[2] He pursued expansionist policies that often left him at odds with fellow Norman lords. His daughter Elizabeth was to become the second wife of King Robert the Bruce of Scotland. However, this did not stop him leading his forces from Ireland to support England's King Edward I in his Scottish campaigns and when the forces of Edward Bruce invaded Ulster in 1315, the Earl led a force against him, but was beaten at Connor in Antrim. The invasion of Bruce and the uprising of Felim Ó Conchúir in Connacht left him virtually without authority in his lands, but Ó Conchúir was killed in 1316 at the Second Battle of Athenry, and he was able to recover Ulster after the defeat of Bruce at Faughart.[1] He died on 29 July 1326 at Athassel Priory, near Cashel, County Tipperary. Children and family Aveline de Burgh (b. c. 1280), married John de Bermingham, 1st Earl of Louth Eleanor de Burgh (1282 - aft. August 1324), married Lord Thomas de Multon of Burghs-on-Sands Elizabeth de Burgh (c. 1284 - 26 October 1327), Queen consort of Scotland, married Robert the Bruce as his second wife, and was the mother of David II of Scotland Walter de Burgh (c. 1285-1304) John de Burgh (c. 1286 - 18 June 1313) Matilda de Burgh (c. 1288-1320), married Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford Thomas de Burgh (c. 1292-1316) Catherine de Burgh (c. 1296 - 1 November 1331), married Maurice Fitzgerald, 1st Earl of Desmond Edmond de Burgh (b. c. 1298) Joan de Burgh (c. 1300 - 23 April 1359), married firstly, Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare, by whom she had issue, and secondly, Sir John Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Knayth, by whom she had issue, including Elizabeth Darcy who married James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond Annalistic references M1303.8.A great army was led by the King of England into Scotland; and the Red Earl and many of the Irish and English went with a large fleet from Ireland to his assistance. On this occasion they took many cities, and gained sway over Scotland. Theobald Burke, the Earl's brother, died after his return from this expedition, on Christmas night, at Carrickfergus. M1304.2. The Countess, wife of Richard Burke, Earl of Ulster, i.e. the Red Earl, and Walter de Burgo, heir of the same Earl, died. M1305.2. The new castle of Inishowen was erected by the Red Earl. Notes Curtis, Edmund (2004) [1950]. A History of Ireland (6th ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 78, 83-86. ISBN 0-415-27949-6. http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/BOROUGH.htm and Medlands http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/IRELAND.htm#WalterBurghUlster1died1271B[unreliable source] References (family tree) A New History of Ireland, volume IX, Oxford, 1984;[page needed] Earls of Ulster and Lords of Connacht, 1205-1460 (De Burgh, De Lacy and Mortimer), p. 170; Mac William Burkes: Mac William Iochtar (de Burgh), Lords of Lower Connacht and Viscounts of Mayo, 1332-1649, p. 171; Burke of Clanricard: Mac William Uachtar (de Burgh), Lords of Upper Connacht and Earls of Clanricard, 1332-1722. References Archer, Thomas Andrew (1886). "Burgh, Richard de (1259?-1326)". In Stephen, Leslie. Dictionary of National Biography. 7. London: Smith, Elder & Co. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis; Lines 73-30, 177B-8, 177B-9. The Tribes and customs of Hy-Many, John O'Donovan, 1843 The Surnames of Ireland, Edward MacLysaght, Dublin, 1978. The Anglo-Normans in Co. Galway: the process of colonisation, Patrick Holland, Journal of the Galway Archaeological and Historical Society, vol. 41,(1987-88) Excavation on the line of the medieval town defences of Loughrea, Co. Galway, J.G.A.& H.S., vol. 41, (1987-88) Anglo-Norman Galway; rectangular earthworks and moated sites, Patrick Holland, J.G.A. & H.S., vol. 46 (1993) Rindown Castle: a royal fortress in Co. Roscommon, Sheelagh Harbison, J.G.A. & H.S., vol. 47 (1995) The Anglo-Norman landscape in County Galway; land-holdings, castles and settlements, Patrick Holland, J.G.A.& H.S., vol. 49 (1997) Annals of Ulster at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork Annals of Tigernach at CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork Revised edition of McCarthy's synchronisms at Trinity College Dublin. Cawley, Charles, Medieval Lands Project on Richard Mor de Burgh, son of William, Lord of Connaught and his descendants, Medieval Lands database, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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