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Boso (Italian: Bosone; died after 936?) was a Burgundian nobleman who spent much of his career in Italy, where he became Margrave of Tuscany about 932. He ruled semi-autonomously and was a benefactor of the churches of his region. He lost his office in 936 and probably returned to Burgundy. Years in Provence Boso was the second son of Count Theobald of Arles and Bertha, illegitimate daughter of King Lothair II.[1] His elder brother Hugh was born in 880/1.[1] His family belonged to the highest ranks of the aristocracy of the Carolingian Empire and were related by marriage to the Carolingian dynasty and the Bosonids, the ruling family of Provence.[1] After Theobald's death (895), Boso's mother remarried to Adalbert the Rich, then margrave of Tuscany.[1] Boso and Hugh inherited their father's counties. After the Emperor Louis III was blinded by his foes in 905, Hugh assumed the regency in Provence and the county of Arles, while Boso took over the county of Avignon.[1] In 907, Hugh and Boso entered Italy with an army in support of their mother.[a] In 926, after Hugh had become King of Italy, he appointed Boso regent of Provence.[1] In 931 he brought Boso to Italy at the same time as he made his son, Lothair, co-ruler in order to strengthen his position against the powerful margrave Lambert of Tuscany.[1] Lambert was the reputed son of Adalbert and Bertha and half-brother of Hugh and Boso. According to Liutprand of Cremona, the rumours of the time had it that Bertha, unable to conceive, in order to safeguard her second husband's succession, had feigned pregnancy and presented as her own two sons, Lambert and Guy, who were actually the children of others.[1][b] Early years in Italy In his earliest documented presence in Italy, Boso is found intervening on behalf of the Patriarchate of Aquileia on 17 October 931.[1] The first document recording his rank of "margrave" (marchio) dates to 1 July 932, when he persuaded the king to make a donation to the church of Saint Martin in Lucca.[1] According to Liutprand of Cremona, when Hugh forbade Lambert of Tuscany to call himself a half-brother of the king, the margrave challenged Hugh to a judicial duel, which he won. In order to obtain the march of Tuscany for himself, Boso convinced Hugh to arrest Lambert; who was subsequently blinded in prison.[1] A more likely explanation than Liutprand's is that Lambert refused give up his quasi-independence and as a result Tuscany was taken from him.[1][2] Margrave of Tuscany Few notices from Boso's rule in Tuscany have survived. Most deal with his interventions with the king on behalf of the churches of Lucca and Arezzo.[1] The last reference to Boso as margrave of Tuscany comes from 17 September 936, when he sent representatives to oversee an exchange of property by the diocese of Lucca.[1] Later that year, Hugh removed his brother from the march and placed his own illegitimate son, Hubert, there instead.[1][2] Liutprand claims that Boso was arrested on suspicion of plotting against the king at the instigation of his wife, Willa of Burgundy.[3][c] Another possible explanation is that he continued to act as autonomously as Lambert had and Hugh removed him in favour of a more pliant margrave.[1][2] Boso had married his daughter Willa, named for her mother, to Berengar of Ivrea, one of the most powerful margraves in the kingdom. This aristocratic axis may have seemed like a threat to Hugh, precipitating Boso's downfall.[1][4] Later years In 940 a certain "illustrious count Boso" (inclitus comes Boso) made a donation to the monastery of Saint-Barnard-de-Romans. This is probably the same person as the margrave of Tuscany, since the monastery is known to have been patronised by Hugh and there were family possessions in the region.[1] By his wife, Willa, perhaps a daughter of Rudolph I of Upper Burgundy, Boso left behind four daughters: Richilda, Gisla, Willa and Bertha. This last married first Boso, son of Duke Richard of Burgundy, and second Raymond, the duke of Aquitaine.[1] It was to her that Hugh bequeathed his huge personal wealth and his Provençal possessions.[1][5] References Notes This campaign has been dated to as late as between 917 and 923. Hugh does not seem to have questioned the legitimacy of Guy's birth when he married Guy's widow, Marozia. Liutprand adds that Willa was exiled to Burgundy as a punishment. Citations Keller 1971. Wickham 1981, p. 178. Bouchard 1988, p. 419, accepts Liutprand's account.. Bouchard 1988, p. 419, suggests that "ill feeling between the brothers was doubtless linked" to this marital alliance.. Previté-Orton 1917, p. 347. Sources Bouchard, Constance B. (1988). "The Bosonids or Rising to Power in the Late Carolingian Age". French Historical Studies. 15 (3): 407-31. doi:10.2307/286367. Keller, Hagen (1971). "Bosone di Toscana". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. 13. Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Previté-Orton, C. W. (1917). "Italy and Provence, 900-950". The English Historical Review. 32 (127): 335-47. doi:10.1093/ehr/xxxii.cxxvii.335. Wickham, Chris (1981). Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society, 400-1000. London: Macmillan. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Boson d'Arles, marchese di Toscana French: Boson de Toscana, marchese di Toscana Also Known As: "Boson Medici de Arlés (Marqués de Toscana)", "Boso De Tuscany" Birthdate: circa 885 Death: circa 936 (43-59) Immediate Family: Son of Theobald, count of Arles and Bertha de Aries Husband of Willa of Burgundy Father of Rotbald of Angelica, count of Provence; Berthe, comtesse d'Arles; Willa; Richilde and Gisela Brother of Hugues I d'Arles, King of Italy, Regent of Lower Burgundy; Theutberge de Troyes; Guy de Toscane; Richilde Of Tuscany; ? dei Bosonidi and 3 others Half brother of Guido, marchese della Toscana; Lamberto, Marchese di Toscana; Ermengarde of Tuscany; Oberto conte di Padova, I and Guy, margrave of Tuscany Occupation: Greve i Arles 895-911 och 926-931 ohc markgreve i Tuscana 931-931, Markgreve i Arles, Marquis de Toscane (913-931), Comte d'Arles (926-931), Comte d'Avignon et de Vaison (911-931), Margrave of Tuscany, Magnate, graaf van avignon, Markgreve Another version: Boso (885-936) was the count of Arles (895-911 and 926-931, as Boso II) and Avignon (911-931), and margrave of Tuscany (931-936). His parents were Theobald of Arles, a scion of the Bosonids, and Bertha, daughter of king Lothair II. His elder brother was Hugh, king of Italy. Boso supported his brother's Italian designs. Hugh responded by appointing him margrave of Tuscany when he deposed Lambert in 931. Boso was also very active in Lorraine, opposing Henry I of Germany. He was finally deposed and arrested in 936 to be replaced by Hugh's son Humbert. He married Willa, daughter of Rudolph I of Burgundy, and had several children including:: Bertha or Gersenda, married firstly Boso of Burgundy, son of Richard the Justiciar, and secondly Raymond II of Rouergue Willa, married Berengar II of Italy
William B.
