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Ralf had issue, Roger de Toecsini, surnamed D'Espagne, on account ofhis prowess against the Saracens in Spain, progenitor of theDeToesinis, Hereditary Standard-bearers of Normandy, Barons of Toesiniand Conches, and of Stafford and Belvoir in England, ancestors of theEnglish houses of Cholmondeley Egerton, Grisley and others, and Hughde Toecsini, (Brother of Roger de Espagne), surnamed de Limesi(Limesay) from his Norman Seigneurie. He was living in 1060. He hadseveral sons who accompanied William the Conqueror (to whom they wererelated as nephews through their mother who was William theConqueror's half-sister); among them were Ralf and Baldrick,progenitor of Scottish Lindsays. William gave to Ralf the barony ofOxburg, or Oxenburg in Norfolk, and 41 other manors in severalcounties with the lands of Christina one of the sisters of PrinceEdgar, whom Ralf married. The end of the Viking age came with the Norman invasion of Britain in1066. William, Duke of Normandy, a descendent of the Vikings who hadbeen given land there by Charles the Simple in exchange for guardingthe mouth of the Siene river from other Vikings, began a two prongedinvasion of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of King Harold. In the northHarald Hardrada of Norway and Tostiq (Anglo-Saxon king Harold's halfbrother) led a force against King Harold. They both were defeated andkilled at the battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066 by King Harold. Atalmost the same time William of Normandy and his forces were landinginthe south of Britain. King Harold quickly marched his forces south andthe two armies met at Hastings. William was victorious and Harold waskilled in battle. As a result of this battle the direct ancestors of the Vikings nowcontrolled most of France and Britain. In the east, members of theViking bloodlines would control Russia until the Mongol invasions ofGengis Khan. But these were no longer the seaborne raiders who hadcome suddenly and ferociously from Scandinavia at the start of the Ageof Vikings. They had adopted the language, customs and religion of thepeople they had come to conquer. The adaptability andflexibility thatmade the Vikings so successful during this period of history alsomeant that they were "civilized" by the conquered peoples and becameassimilated into the course of European history.
Karl-Heinz
Böttcher
