Notizen zu dieser Person
1 _UID DFFE6EB710834651913AD4164498356C5E49
1 _UID B1D371B140249D4BA66E9DD1D31E5FFBBF3D
knighted 1270. THE old district of Mar was very extensive. Itcommencedintheneighbourhood of Aberdeen, and extended to theborderofBadenoch,comprising nearly the whole of the valleys of the DeeandDonand theterritory lying between them. As mentioned in theIntroduction,inCeltictimes the Mormear was the ruler of the tribe of theland; andtheoldEarls of Mar were descended from the Celtic Mormears, andcanbetracedfrom the tenth century onward.
In 1014 Donald, son of Emin, was Mormaer of Mar, and inthatyearheproceeded to Ireland to assist the Irish in repelling theattacksoftheDanes, and he fought and fell in the battle of Clontarf. InthereignofAlexander I. Ruadri was Mormaer of Mar, and he became thefirstEarlofMar. He was one of the Earls who gave consent tothefoundationcharterof the Abbey of Scone by Alexander I., in 1120. Hewasalso awitness tothe important charter of David I. to the monksofDumfermline,about1126.
Ruadri was succeeded by Morgund, second Earl of Mar. Betweentheyears1165and 1171 he granted the church of Tarland to the canonsofStAndrews, withits tithes and oblations, land and mill, andalsothesecond tithes of theEarlus land, and timber from his woodsforbuildingpurposes. This grantwas confirmed by a charter of WilliamtheLion. EarlMorgund and Agnes, hiscountess, also granted the churchofMigvie to thecanons of St Andrews.
Morgund was succeeded by Gilchrist, third Earl of Mar.Itseemsprobablethat he built the Priory of Monymusk, and by charterhegrantedto it thechurches of St Marnan of Leochel, St. Wolock ofRuthven,St.Andrew ofAlford, and Invernochty in Strathdon. He contestedthe claimsofthepatronage of the church of St Marnan, of Aberchirder,withWilliamtheLion and the Bishop of Moray, and granted it to themonksoftheMonastery of Arbroath.
Gilchrist was succeeded by Gratney, fourth Earl of Mar, ofwhomlittleisknown. But he appeared, with his son Malcolm, as awitnessofcharters,under the title of Earl of Mar, and one at leastofthesecharters wasconfirmed by William the Lion. About the year 1224hewassucceeded byDuncan, fifth Earl of Mar. Earl Duncan grantedStAndrewusChurch, inBraemar, to the Priory of Monymusk, with an acreofland on theotherside of the Water of Clunie. He also confirmed someofthe grantsmade byhis father, Earl Morgund.
A dispute arose between the Earl of Mar and ThomasDurwardtouchingthelegitimacy of Earl Morgund and his son Duncan.DurwardassertedthatMorgund and his son were illegitimate, and on thatground heclaimedtheEarldom of Mar, in right of his mother, of whom littleisknown,exceptthat she was the wife of Malcolm Lundin,theKingushereditarydoor-keeper. it is pretty certain, however, thattheKingsupported theclaim of his doorkeeper, with the aim of breakingupthisold Celticearldom. The dispute for a time was settled byacompromiseunder whichThomas Durward obtained his great domainsinMarvstretchingfromInvercanny, on the banks of the Dee, to Alford, ontheDon, andfromCoull, on the West, to Skene, on the east. Yet theDurwardswerenotsatisfied, and subsequently Thomas Durwardus sonclaimedthewholeEarldom of Mar, and made the utmost efforts to obtainpossessionofit.This family took the name of Durward from theirhereditaryofficeofdoorkeepers to the King, and for a time they roserapidly topowerandinfluence.
This seems the proper place to touch briefly on the origin oftheEarldomofthe Garioch, which afterwards became connected with theEarldomofMar. TheEarldom of the Garioch was created by William theLion,andgranted by himto his brother, David, Earl of Huntingdon.Thisnewearldom mainly consistedof the territory surrounding the oldfortofDunideer, and lying between theDon and its tributary, the WaterofUry.Earl David, the first historic Earlof the Garioch, wasasingularlyimportant personage, inasmuch as he was theancestor ofthesubsequentRoyal line of Scotland, and also remotely ofGreat Britain.
He was born in 1144vthe third grandson of David I. He marriedasisterofRandolph, Earl of Chester, and by her he had threesonsandfourdaughters. His eldest daughter, Margaret, married AlanofGalloway,andit was through her issue that John Baliol claimed theCrownofScotland.His second daughter, Isabella, married Robert deBruceofAnnandale. Hisyoungest daughter, Ada, married Henry de Hastings.Anditwas thedescendants of these daughters of Earl David, who, afterthedeathof.Alexander III. and his granddaughter, the Maid ofNorway,claimedtheCrown of Scotland.
Earl David died about 1219. Two of his sons, HenryandDavid,predeceasedhim; and his third son, John, 'the Scot;' succeededtotheearldom of theGarioch. On the death of his mother he becameEarlofChester. After thedeath of Earl John, the earldom of theGariochrevertedto the Crown; andit was eventually granted as a lordshipto theEarls ofMar.
Returning, Duncan, Earl of Mar, was one of the witnesses toacharterbyAlexander II. to Ness, his physician, of the lands of Banff,inthefiefof Alyth, which was dated at Aberdeen on the 9th ofOctober,1232.EarlDuncan was succeeded by his son, William, sixth Earl ofMar.Heismentioned among the great barons of Scotland in theletteroffealtygranted by Alexander II. to Henry III. of England in 1244.
This Earl, during the minority of Alexander IlI., cameintoconflictwithAlan Durward, who was Justiciary of Scotland, and sonofThomasDurwardmentioned before. Durward had married a naturaldaughterofAlexanderII., by whom he had several daughters; and it wasallegedin1252 that hewas endeavouring to obtain from the Pope thelegitimationofhis wife, soin the event of the death of the boy AlexanderIII.,hisdaughter wouldbe the heiress to the Crown of Scotland. Thus Alanwasagreat andaspiring personage. He assumed the title and style ofEarlofAthole from1233 to 1235; and not content with the very large partoftheEarldom ofMar which his father had obtained for him, in 1257,heclaimedthe wholeEarldom of Mar. In that year a papal rescriptwasissued,directing aninquest to be held, proceeding on the narrativethat'Ourbeloved son,the nobleman Alan, called the Durward, hath signifiedtousthat, whereasthe nobleman William of Mar, of the dioceseofAberdeen,hath withheldthe Earldom of Mar, of right belonging totheaforesaidAlan, and thesame doth occupy to the prejudice of the saidAlan,and thatMorgund andDuncan, deceased, to whom the said Williamassertshissuccession to thesaid earldom, were not begotten inlawfulmatrimony.'NotwithstandingAlanus great efforts, Earl Williamcontinuedinpossession, and Durwardfailed in his aim and ambition.
Earl William was one of the most powerful barons of his timeinScotland.Hewas one of those who were removed from the GovernmentofScotland byHenryIII. of England, in September, 1255, while hisopponent,AlanDurward, wasone of those who replaced him. Mar was,however,recalled tothe kinguscouncils in the beginning of the year 1257.InNovember, 1258,he appears,along with Alan Durward, as one of thosewhomHenry III.undertook tosupport in the government of the kingdom. Hewasnamed amongthe barons ofScotland to whom Henry III. bound himselftodeliver up thechild that hisdaughter Margaret, queen of AlexanderIII.,was about togive birth inEngland.
He held the office of Great Chamberlain of Scotland in 1252,andagainfrom1263 to 1266. In 1270 he was sent to England, accompaniedbytheAbbot ofDunfermline, on a mission for the recovery of theEarldomofHuntingdon. Bya charter dated at Falkland on the 23rd ofJanuary,1268,witnessed by hissons, Donald and Duncan, he confirmed to thecanonsofSt Andrews thegrants made to them by his grandfather, Morgund,EarlofMar, of the churchof Tarland, and by his grandmother, CountessofMar,of the church ofMigvie; and, further, granted an acre ofland,lyingbetween the church andthe castle of Migvie, for a manse tothevicarserving the cure. One clausein his charters touches onthequestionswhich had been raised as to thelegitimacy of Earl Morgund.
Earl William died in 1273, and was succeeded by hiseldestson,Donald,seventh Earl of Mar. He was present at the meeting oftheEstatesheld atScone on the 5th of February, 1284, in which thebaronsandbishops boundthemselves in the name of the nation toacknowledgethekingusgranddaughter, Margaret, the Maid of Norway, as theheir oftheCrown ofScotland.
After the death of the Maid of Norway, in September, 1290,itappearsthatthe Earl of Mar became a supporter of the claims ofRobertBruceofAnnandale to the Crown of Scotland. In 1291, Donald, Earl ofMar,oneofthe seven Earls of Scotland, and the kingus freemenofMoray,appealedfrom William, Bishop of St Andrews, and John Comyn,LordofBadenoch,Guardians of Scotland, to Edward I. for redress ofwrongsdoneto them byunder-wardens of Scotland, who had wasted andplunderedtheirtowns andlands in Moray, burned their barns, carried awaytheirgoods,and slainmen and women.
The Earl of Mar was present in the chapel of the Castle ofBerwick,onthe3rd of August, 1291, when Edward I. protested that hisconsent totrytheclaims of the candidates for the Scottish Crown withintherealmofScotland, should not prejudice the exercise of his rightasLordSuperiorof Scotland, within the kingdom of England. The same year,onthe24th ofJuly, he was present in the Church of the Friars atPerth,whenEdward I.received the fealty of Mary, Queen of Isle of Man,andCountessofStrathearn.
Earl Donald fought at the battle of Dunbar, on the 26th ofApril,1296;andshortly after he was taken a prisoner by the English.
He married Muriel, a daughter of the Earl of Strathearn, bywhomhehadissue. He died in 1297, and was succeeded by hisson,Gartney,eighthEarl of Mar. He married Christian Bruce, a sister ofRobertI.;whileRobert I. married Isabel, a sister of Earl Gartney.TheEarlreceivedwith his wife the lordship of Garioch, to be heldinfreeregality. Hedied in 1305, and was succeeded by his son,Donald,ninthEarl of Mar,who was then a boy; and Edward I. ordered thatthe heirofMar should bekept in the Castle of Bristol; and soon afterorderedthatDonald, Earlof Mar, is to be with the king in his ownhousehold. Hewasdetained aprisoner in England till after the battle ofBannockburn.
Earl Gartney left two daughtersvEllen of Mar, the eldest,andJanet.Ellenmarried Sir John Monteith; their daughter,ChristianMonteith,married SirEdward Keith, Great Marischal of Scotland;andtheirdaughter, JanetKeith, married Sir Thomas Erskine; their son,SirRobertErskine, as adescendant of Ellen of Mar, became heir to theEarldomofMar, and claimedit in the following century.
Earl Donald returned to Scotland in 1314, but itappearsthatheoccasionally revisited England. He led one of thedivisionsoftheScottish army which invaded England in the summer of1327.Afterthedeath of Robert I., the Earl of Mar joined the cause ofhiscousin,theyoung Prince David II. On the death of the Earl of Moray,theRegentofScotland, in 1332, the Earl of Mar was elected RegentoftheKingdom.Shortly after he was slain at the disastrous battleofDupplin.He wassucceeded by his son, Thomas, tenth Earl of Mar.
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1 _UID 98F587A6BC4F0D4EAF294B9CE67F281B8705
1 REFN M17479
Thomas
Schäfer
