Notizen zu dieser Person
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John Balliol, the uncle of John ' the Red ' Comyn, wastechnicallykingofScotland from 1292-1296, but had surrendered Scotland toEdward Iin1292,and with the royal arms stripped from his coat, he becameknownas'ToomTabard' or 'Empty Coat'. He went into exile, and it wasalsothisman whoWilliam Wallace was attempting to restore as King ofScotland.SoRobertthe Bruce, after the death of his father in 1304,foundhimselfincompetition for the Scottish throne with theComyn/Balliolfamily.
John became one of the regents of Scotland during theminorityofAlexanderIII. In 1244, when ways and means were requiredtodischargethe debtincurred by the war in Gascony, John de Baliol wasoneof thecommittee of12 chosen to report to Parliament on the subject.Thenextyear, Baliol isreported as having paid Ð30 for thirtyknights'feeswhich he held towardsthe levy in aid for marrying theking'sdaughter.Afterwards he served assheriff of Cumberland and governorofCarlisleCastle for six years.Subsequently he had a military summonstoattendthe king at Chester tooppose the Welsh. He was alsosheriffofNottingham and Derby Counties forthree years.
During the time that John Baliol was head of the familyrelationswiththebishops of Durham continued to worsen. This may havereflectedtheriftbetween the English bishops and the Crown. Around 1255,theBishopofDurham excommunicated and, in due course, imprisoned someofBaliol'smen.In retaliation, Eustace (John's uncle?) andJocelynBaliol waylaidthebishop and threw 4 of his servants into thedungeon.Henry IIIintervenedand brought about an exchange of prisoners.
In the baronial revolt against the king led by SimondeMontfort,Baliolremained loyal to the throne. Along with the king hefellinto thehandsof the Earl of Leicester at the battle of Lewes in1264.However,heappears to have effected his escape and to have joinedtheotherloyalbarons in raising fresh troops to rescue the monarch.
John Baliol, married Devorguilla, the younger daughter ofAlan,LordofGalloway, a great baron of Scotland. Galloway'swife,Margaret,wassister of John le Scot and one of the heirs of KingDavid. Itwasfromthis alliance that the Baliol claim to the throneofScotlandarose.Also, through the marriage to Devorguilla, BaliolacquiredtheScottishbarony of Galloway. Devorguilla, came to the unionwith Baliolanequalpartner, and her family arms were joined with his.
About 1260, with guidance from the Bishop of Durham, Johndecidedtocarryout a substantial act of charity. He did it by renting ahouseinthesuburbs of Oxford, and maintaining in it somepoorstudnets.Thefoundation date of the College which grew fromthisistraditionallyreckoned as 1263. At the very least, thelittlesocietywhich John Baliolfounded was in existence by June 1266,whenitsdependence on him ismentioned in a royal writ. After hisdeathin1268/69, his widow,Devorguilla, put his arrangements onapermanentbasis, and she ishonored as co-founder with him. She providedacapitalendowment,formulated Statutes (1282), and gave the Collegeitsfirstseal, which itstill has. Devorguilla and John's unioniscommemorated inthe arms ofBaliol College, Oxford.
Their's must have been a true love; when John Balioldied,Devorguillahadhis embalmed heart placed in an ivory shrine. Thisshrinewasplacedbefore her at meals, and she would give it's share ofevery dishtothepoor. Later she founded 'Sweetheart' Abbey (along withthecollege).Shedied in Buittle Castle on 28 January, 1289/90, but wasburiedintheAbbey with the casket containing John's heart in her arms.
John had three sons, and in 1268 his property came to hiseldestson,HughBaliol. Hugh died without issue in 1271 and was succeededbyhisbrother,Alexander. Alexander married Eleanor de Genoure andinheritedabarony ofmore than 25 extensive lordships. Like his olderbrother,hedied withoutissue in 1278-79 and was succeeded by JohnBaliol(theyounger). Johnlater went on to become king of Scotland (moreonthatbelow).
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1 REFN M15298
Thomas
Schäfer
