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Hugh the Great (898 - 16 June 956) was the Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris. He was the son of King Robert I of France and Béatrice of Vermandois, daughter of Herbert I, Count of Vermandois.[1] He was born in Paris, Île-de-France, France. His eldest son was Hugh Capet who became King of France in 987.[2] His family is known as the Robertians.[3] In 922 the barons of western Francia, after revolting against the Carolingian king Charles the Simple (who fled his kingdom under their onslaught), elected Robert I, Hugh's father, as King of Western Francia.[4] At the death of Robert I, in battle at Soissons in 923, Hugh refused the crown and it went to his brother-in-law, Rudolph of France.[4] Charles, however, sought help in regaining his crown from his cousin Herbert II, Count of Vermandois, who instead of helping the king imprisoned him.[4] Herbert then used his prisoner as an advantage in pressing his own ambitions, using the threat of releasing the king up until Charles' death in 929.[5] From then on Herbert II of Vermandois struggled with king Rudolph and his vassal Hugh the Great.[4] Finally Rudolph and Herbert II came to an agreement in 935.[4] At the death of Rudolph, King of Western Francia, in 936, Hugh was in possession of nearly all of the region between the Loire and the Seine, corresponding to the ancient Neustria, with the exceptions of Anjou and of the territory ceded to the Normans in 911.[6] He took a very active part in bringing Louis IV (d'Outremer) from the Kingdom of England in 936.[7] In 937 Hugh married Hedwige of Saxony, a daughter of Henry the Fowler of Germany and Matilda of Ringelheim, and soon quarrelled with Louis.[8] In 938 King Louis IV began attacking fortresses and lands formerly held by members of his family, some held by Herbert II of Vermandois.[9] In 939 king Louis attacked Hugh the Great and William I, Duke of Normandy, after which a truce was concluded lasting until June.[10] That same year Hugh, along with Herbert II of Vermandois, Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and Duke William Longsword paid homage to the Emperor Otto the Great, and supported him in his struggle against Louis.[11] When Louis fell into the hands of the Normans in 945, he was handed over to Hugh in exchange for their young duke Richard.[12] Hugh released Louis IV in 946 on condition that he should surrender the fortress of Laon.[13] In 948 at a church council at Ingelheim the bishops, all but two being from Germany, condemned and excommunicated Hugh in absentia, and returned Archbishop Artauld to his see at Reims.[14] Hugh's response was to attack Soissons and Reims while the excommunication was repeated by a council at Trier.[14] Hugh finally relented and made peace with Louis IV, the church and his brother-in-law Otto the Great.[14] On the death of Louis IV, Hugh was one of the first to recognize Lothair as his successor, and, at the intervention of Queen Gerberga, was instrumental in having him crowned.[14] In recognition of this service Hugh was invested by the new king with the duchies of Burgundy and Aquitaine.[15] In the same year, however, Giselbert, duke of Burgundy, acknowledged himself his vassal and betrothed his daughter to Hugh's son Otto-Henry.[15] On 16 June 956 Hugh the Great died in Dourdan.[1] Family[edit] Hugh married first, in 922, Judith, daughter of Roger Comte du Maine & his wife Rothilde.[1] She died childless in 925.[1] Hugh's second wife was Eadhild, daughter of Edward the Elder, king of the Anglo-Saxons, and sister of King Æthelstan.[1] They married in 926 and she died in 938, childless.[1] Hugh's third wife was Hedwig of Saxony, daughter of Henry the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim She and Hugh had: Beatrice married Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine.[a][1] Hugh Capet.[16] Emma.(c.?943-aft. 968).[16] Otto, Duke of Burgundy, a minor in 956.[15] Odo-Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1002).[15] Portal icon Kingdom of France portal Notes[edit] Jump up ^ By his daughter Beatrice's marriage to Frederick I, Duke of Upper Lorraine Hugh became an ancestor of the Habsburg family. From their son Hugh Capet sprung forth the Capetian dynasty, one of the most powerful dynasties in Europe. References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafeln 10-11 Jump up ^ Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328 (Hambledon Continuum, London & New York, 2007), p. 69 Jump up ^ Lucien Bély, The History of France ( J.P. Gisserot, Paris, 2001), p. 21 ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe, Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1993), p.250 Jump up ^ Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe, Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1993), pp.250-1 Jump up ^ Elizabeth M. Hallam, Capetian France; 987-1328 (Longman Group Ltd., London & New York, 1980), p. 89 Jump up ^ The Annals of Flodoard of Reims: 919-966, Ed. & Trans. Stephen Fanning & Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. xvii Jump up ^ Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe, Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1993), p.262 Jump up ^ The Annals of Flodoard of Reims; 919-966, Ed. & Trans. Steven Fanning & Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 30 Jump up ^ The Annals of Flodoard of Reims; 919-966, Ed. & Trans. Steven Fanning & Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 31 Jump up ^ The Annals of Flodoard of Reims; 919-966, Ed. & Trans. Steven Fanning & Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Toronto Press, 2011), p. 32 Jump up ^ David Crouch, The Normans (Hambledon Continuum, London & New York, 2007), p. 16 Jump up ^ Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328 (Hambledon Continuum, London & New York, 2007), p. 40 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328 (Hambledon Continuum, London & New York, 2007), p. 41 ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jim Bradbury, The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328 (Hambledon Continuum, London & New York, 2007), p. 42 ^ Jump up to: a b Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1984), Tafel 11 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Another version: Hugh The White, French Hugues Le Grand, or Hugues Le Blanc, Duke of the Franks, Count of Paris, and progenitor of the Capetian kings of France. He was the most powerful man in the Kingdom of France (West Francia) during the reign of Louis IV d'Outremer and the early years of King Lothair. Son of a king (Robert I), father of another (Hugh Capet), and brother-in-law of three more (Rudolf of France, Athelstan of England, and Otto of Germany), Hugh possessed such vast territories that he could easily have assumed the crown on the death of Rudolf in 936. Preferring to work from behind the throne, he instead suggested the accession of Louis IV, son of the deposed Charles III the Simple. Louis proved no puppet, however, and his reign saw an almost constant struggle between King and Duke in which all the great magnates of France, Otto I of Germany, and the dukes of Lorraine were at one time or another involved. In 945 Louis fell into Hugh's hands and was incarcerated for a year before pressure from abroad and public opinion at home brought his release. Excommunicated by French and German councils and by the Pope, Hugh finally submitted to Louis in 951. On the death of the King three years later, Hugh again turned down the opportunity to become king, plumping instead for Louis's young son, Lothair; but for his last two years Hugh was effectively the ruler of France. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite.
William B.
