Notizen zu dieser Person
Baldwin of Bourcq (Bourg) (died August 21, 1131) was the second Count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and the third King of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death. Ancestry Baldwin was the son of Hugh, count of Rethel, and his wife Melisende of Monthléry. Baldwin is called a cousin of the brothers Eustace III of Boulogne, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Baldwin of Boulogne, whom he followed on the First Crusade in 1096, but the exact manner in which they are related has never been discovered. Count of Edessa In the aftermath of the crusade, Baldwin of Boulogne became the first Count of Edessa, while Baldwin of Bourcq entered the service of Bohemund of Taranto, Prince of Antioch, acting as an ambassador between Antioch and Edessa. Baldwin of Bourcq also became regent of the Principality, when Bohemund was taken prisoner by the Danishmends in 1100. That year, Baldwin of Boulogne was elected king of Jerusalem upon the death of Godfrey, and Baldwin of Bourcq was appointed count of Edessa in his stead. As count, in 1101 Baldwin married Morphia of Melitene, the daughter of the Armenian prince Gabriel of Melitene. He also helped ransom Bohemund from the Danishmends, preferring Bohemund to his nephew Tancred, who was now regent. In 1102 Baldwin and Tancred assisted King Baldwin against the Egyptians at Ascalon. In 1104 the Seljuk Turks invaded Edessa, and with help from Antioch Count Baldwin met them at the Battle of Harran. The battle was disastrous and Count Baldwin was captured; Tancred became regent of Edessa in his absence. Tancred and Bohemund preferred to ransom their own Seljuk prisoners for money rather than an exchange for Baldwin, and the count remained in captivity in Mosul until 1108, when he was ransomed for 60 000 dinars by Joscelin of Courtenay. Tancred refused to restore Edessa to him, but with the support of the Armenians, Byzantines, and even the Seljuks, Tancred was forced to back down. In 1109, after reconciling with Tancred, the two participated in the capture of Tripoli. King of Jerusalem Upon the death of Baldwin I in 1118, the crown was offered to the king's elder brother Eustace III, but Joscelin of Courtenay insisted that the crown pass to Baldwin of Bourcq, despite Count Baldwin having exiled Joscelin from Edessa in 1113. Baldwin of Edessa accepted and was crowned king of Jerusalem as Baldwin II on Easter Sunday, April 14, 1118. Almost immediately, the kingdom was simultaneously invaded by the Seljuks from Syria and the Fatimids from Egypt, although by showing himself ready and willing to defend his territory, Baldwin forced the Muslim army to back down without a battle. In 1119, the crusader Principality of Antioch was invaded, and Baldwin hurried north with the army of Jerusalem. Roger of Salerno, prince of Antioch, would not wait for Baldwin's reinforcements, and the Antiochene army was destroyed in a battle the crusaders came to call Ager Sanguinis (the Field of Blood). Although it was a crushing blow, Baldwin helped Antioch recover and drove out the Seljuks later that year. Around this time, the first two military orders were created. In 1118, Hughes de Payens founded the Knights Templar in Jerusalem, while the Knights Hospitaller, which had been founded in 1113, evolved into a military order from the charitable order that they had originally been. Baldwin also called the Council of Nablus in 1120, where he probably established the first written laws for the kingdom, and extended rights and privileges to the growing bourgeois communities. In 1122 Joscelin, who had been appointed count of Edessa when Baldwin became king, was captured in battle. Baldwin returned to the north to take over the regency of the county, but he too was taken captive by the Ortoqids while patrolling the borders of Edessa 1123, and was held captive with Joscelin. Eustace Grenier acted as regent in Jerusalem, and defeated an Egyptian invasion hoping to take advantage of the king's absence. Baldwin and Josceling escaped from captivity with help from the Armenians in 1124. Meanwhile, the crusaders besieged and captured Tyre, with help from a Venetian fleet. This would lead to the establishment of Venetian and other Italian trading colonies in the coastal cities of the kingdom, which were autonomous and free from taxes and military duties. In 1125 Baldwin assembled the knights from all the crusader territories and met the Seljuks at the Battle of Azaz. Although the Seljuk army was much larger, the crusaders were victorious, and they restored much of the influence they had lost after the Ager Sanguinis. Had Antioch and Edessa not been fighting amongst themselves after the battle, Baldwin may have been able to attack Aleppo; however, Aleppo and Mosul were soon united under Zengi in 1128. Unable to attack either of those cities, Baldwin attempted to take Damascus in 1129 with the help of the Templars, but the attempt failed. Succession Also assisting Baldwin during the attack on Damascus was his new son-in-law, Fulk V of Anjou. Baldwin had no sons with Morphia, but four daughters: Melisende, Alice, Hodierna, and Ioveta. In 1129 Baldwin named Melisende his heir, and arranged for her to marry Fulk. His daughters Alice and Hodierna also married important princes, Bohemund II of Antioch and Raymond II of Tripoli respectively (his fourth daughter Ioveta became a nun in Bethany). In 1131 Baldwin fell sick and died on August 21, and was buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Melisende, by law the heir to the kingdom, succeeded him with Fulk as her consort. The new queen and king were crowned on September 14. http://en.wikipedia.org Another Version: Baldwin II, Baldwin Of Bourg, French Baudouin Du Bourg, Count of Edessa (1100-18), King of Jerusalem (1118-31), and crusade leader whose support of the religious/military orders founded during his reign enabled him to expand his kingdom and to withstand the attacks of Seljuq Turks. A son of Hugh, count of Réthel, in the Ardennes region of France, he held the castle of Bourg as a feudal domain and was at first referred to as Baldwin du Bourg. He accompanied his cousins Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin (later King Baldwin I of Jerusalem) to Palestine with the First Crusade (1096). In 1100 he was named Count of Edessa (now Urfa, Turkey) by Baldwin I when the latter became King of Jerusalem. The Seljuq Turks moved against Edessa in 1104, capturing Baldwin on May 7. Ransomed in 1108, he fought his way into Edessa to reclaim his principality from the regent, Tancred, and later recovered most of the lost territory. On April 14, 1118, Baldwin was crowned King of Jerusalem. Though captured by the Turks and held hostage from 1123 until 1124, in subsequent years he succeeded in expanding his territory and directing attacks against Muslim Damascus with the aid of the Hospitalers and the Templars, crusading religious/military orders. Having had only daughters from his Armenian wife, Morfia, Baldwin gave his daughter Melisend in marriage to Fulk V, Count of Anjou and Maine, in 1129 and named them as his successors. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite. Another version: Baudouin II "du Bourg", roi de Jérusalem b. circa 1058, d. 21 August 1131 Also called Baldwin of Le Bourg. Baudouin II "du Bourg", roi de Jérusalem was born circa 1058. He was the son of Hugues I, comte de Réthel and Melissende de Montlhéry. He was on the First Crusade, with Geoffrey de Bouillon, between August 1096 and July 1099. He was named count of Edessa by Baldwin I when the latter became king of Jerusalem in 1100. Count of Edessa in (now Urfa, Turkey), Outremer, between 1100 and 1118. He married Malfia the Armenian, daughter of Governor of Melitene Gabriel the Armenian and N. N. of Cilicia, in 1101. He was captured by the Seljuq Turks who had moved against Edessa on 7 May 1104. He was ransomed and fought his way into Edessa to reclaim his principality from the regent, Tancred, and later recovered most of the lost territory in 1108. Count of Rethel between 1118 and 1131. King of Jerusalem in Outremer, between 2 April 1118 and 1131. He was was crowned King of Jerusalem in place of his deceased cousin, Baldwin I, on 24 April 1118. Regent of Antioch in Outremer, between 1119 and 1126. He was captured by the Turks and held hostage in 1123/24. He had only daughters from his Armenian wife, Morfia, and gave his daughter Melisend in marriage to Fulk V, count of Anjou and Maine, and named them as his successors. In 1129. He died on 21 August 1131 in Jerusalem. Baldwin II was the first King of Jerusalem to be able to arrange for a smooth succession. As he lay dying he called Fulk and Melisende, his daugher, to him and formally gave them the crown. His act was recognized by the nobility. Children of Baudouin II "du Bourg", roi de Jérusalem and Malfia the Armenian: Mélisende, reine de Jérusalem+ b. a 1101, d. 11 Sep 1161 Alix, princesse de Jérusalem+ b. a 1101, d. 1131 Hodierne de Jérusalem+ b. c 1110? http://en.wikipedia.org
William B.
