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Frederick V (German: Friedrich V.) (August 26, 1596 - November 29, 1632) was Elector Palatine (1610-23), and, as Frederick I (Czech: Fridrich Falcký), King of Bohemia (1619-20, for his short reign here often nicknamed the Winter King, Czech Zimní král). He was the son and heir of Frederick IV and of Louise Juliana of Nassau, the daughter of William I of Orange and Charlotte de Bourbon-Monpensier. Frederick was born at the Jagdschloss (Hunting Lodge) Deinschwang near Amberg in the Upper Palatinate. In 1610, he - an intellectual, a mystic, and a Calvinist - succeeded his father as Prince-Elector of the Rhenish Palatinate in 1610. In 1618 the Protestant estates of Bohemia rebelled against the Roman Catholic King Ferdinand II and offered the crown of Bohemia to Frederick, chosing him since he was the leader of the Protestant Union, an military alliance founded by his father. Frederick duly accepted the crown, which triggerd the outbreak of the Thirty Years War, Frederick's father-in-law, James I of England, opposed the takeover of Bohemia from the Habsburgs. Additionally, Frederick's allies in the Protestant Union failed to support him militarily by signing the Treaty of Ulm (1620). His brief reign as King of Bohemia ended with his defeat at the Battle of White Mountain on November 8, 1620 - a year and four days after his coronation. This earned him the derisive nickname of 'the Winter King'. After this battle, the Imperial forces invaded Frederick's Palatinate lands and he had flee to Holland in 1622. An Imperial edict formally deprived him of the Palatinate in 1623. He lived the rest of his life in exile with his wife and family, mostly at the Hague, before passing away in Mainz in 1632. His eldest surviving son Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine returned to power in 1648 with the end of the war. His daughter Princess Sophia was eventually named heiress presumptive to the British throne, and was the founder of the Hanoverian line of kings. Family and children He married Elizabeth Stuart, the daughter of James I of England and of Anne of Denmark in the Chapel Royal, Whitehall on February 14, 1613 and had the following children: Frederick Henry (1614-1629)-(drowned) Charles Louis (1617-1680), became Elector Palatine in 1648 Elisabeth (1618-1680) Rupert (1619-1682) of English Civil War fame. Maurice (1620-1652) who also served in the English Civil War. Louise (1622-1709) Louis (1624-1625) Edward (1625-1663) Henrietta Maria (1626-1651) John Philip Frederick (1627-1650) Charlotte (1628-1631) Sophia (1630-1714), married Elector Ernest Augustus of Hanover; heiress of England by the Act of Settlement, 1701 Gustavus Adolphus (1632-1641) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Another version: Frederick V, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, king of Bohemia (as Frederick I, 1619-20), and head of the Protestant union against Catholic Austria at the beginning of the Thirty Years' War. After receiving a French education, Frederick succeeded his father, the elector Frederick IV, in 1610. When the Protestant Bohemian estates revolted against the Catholic emperor Ferdinand II and offered the crown to the young elector, he accepted and was crowned in Prague in November 1619. Abandoned by his allies, however, Frederick was routed in the Battle of the White Mountain, near Prague (Nov. 8, 1620), by the armies of the Catholic League under Johann Tserclaes, Graf von Tilly. Two armies, raised by Ernst von Mansfeld and Christian of Brunswick in 1621, fought for Frederick's cause in western Germany, but they were defeated within two years. Spanish and Bavarian troops occupied the Palatinate, Frederick's electoral dignities were transferred to Maximilian I of Bavaria (1623), and in 1628 Bavaria annexed the Upper Palatinate. As more Protestant princes entered the widening conflict, one of their aims was the restoration of Frederick, but this was never accomplished. He fled to The Hague in 1622 and for the rest of his life lived on money supplied by the Dutch and English. When Sweden joined the anti-Habsburg coalition, Frederick followed Gustavus II Adolphus in his march across Germany (1630-32), but he died before he was able to reclaim his throne. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite.
William B.
