Guillaume DE NORMANDIE

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GUILLAUME de Normandie, illegitimate son of ROBERT II Duke of Normandy& his mistress Herlève --- (Château de Falaise, Normandy[1027/28]-Rouen, Prioré de Saint-Gervais 9 Sep 1087, bur Caen, Abbé deSaint-Etienne). His birth date is estimated from William ofMalmesbury, according to whom Guillaume was born of a concubine andwas seven years old when his father left for Jerusalem[1], and OrdericVitalis, who states that he was eight years old at the time[2].Deville suggests that Guillaume´s birthdate can be fixed moreprecisely to [mid-1027], taking into account that his father Robertoccupied Falaise immediately after the death of his father DukeRichard II (23 Aug 1026), not wishing to accept the authority of hisolder brother Duke Richard III, but that Robert´s stay was short asthe two brothers were reconciled soon after, it being reasonable tosuppose that Robert´s relationship with Guillaume´s mother occurredsoon after his arrival at Falaise[3]. According to Orderic Vitalis,Alain III Duke of Brittany was appointed his guardian during hisfather's absence in 1035[4]. He succeeded his father in 1035 asGUILLAUME II Duke of Normandy. He helped Henri I King of Francedefeat Geoffroy II "Martel" Comte d'Anjou at Mouliherne in[1045/55][5]. It appears that Edward "the Confessor" King of Englandacknowledged Guillaume as successor to the English throne on severaloccasions, maybe for the first time during his visit to England in1051 which is recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle[6]. Comte deMaine in 1063, after he conquered the county. In [1064/65], DukeGuillaume interceded with Guy de Ponthieu Comte d'Abbeville to securethe release of Harold Godwinsson from captivity in Normandy, in returnfor Harold's acknowledgement of Guillaume as successor to the Englishcrown (according to the portrayal of the event in the Bayeuxtapestry). Harold Godwinsson's visit to Normandy, and swearingallegiance to Duke William, is recorded by William of Jumièges[7].According to Eadmer of Canterbury, the reason for his visit was tonegotiate the release of his brother Wulfnoth and nephew Haakon, bothof whom had been hostages in Normandy since 1051. On his deathbed,King Edward "the Confessor" bequeathed the kingdom of England toHarold Godwinsson. Duke Guillaume branded Harold a perjurer andappealed to Pope Alexander II for support. After receiving a papalbanner in response to his request, William gathered a sizable armyduring summer 1066 in preparation for invasion. After some delay dueto unfavourable weather conditions, the army set sail for England fromSaint-Valéry-sur-Somme 28 Sep 1066[8]. William defeated and killedKing Harold at Hastings 14 Oct 1066[9], marched north to Canterbury,then west to Winchester where he captured the royal treasury. Heproceeded to London where he was crowned 25 Dec 1066 as WILLIAM I "theConqueror" King of England at Westminster Abbey, possibly by EaldredArchbishop of York who may have officiated because of doubtsconcerning the validity of the appointment of Stigand as Archbishop ofCanterbury. The latter had received his pallium in 1058 from PopeBenedict X, later regarded as anti-Pope, an appointment which had notbeen regularised by Pope Alexander II. He was crowned again atWinchester 1070 with a Papal crown. After taking several years tosubdue the whole country, he imposed the Norman feudal structure andrule everywhere with methodical and harsh persistence. The minutedescription of the country contained in the Domesday Book, completedin 1086, enabled King William to create an effective tax base Hedied from wounds received at the siege of Mantes, having been injuredinternally after being thrown against the pommel of his saddle[10],leaving Normandy to his eldest son Robert and England to his secondsurviving son William. Guillaume de Jumièges records the death ofKing William at Rouen on 9 Sep and his burial at Saint-Etienne,Caen[11]. Florence of Worcester records the death "Id Sep V" of KingWilliam and his burial "Cadomi in ecclesia S StephaniProtomartyris"[12]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine WillelmiConquestoris records that "Willelmus…Roberti filius" was buried"Cadomi in ecclesia beati Stephani" which he had built[13]. m (Eu, Cathedral of Notre Dame [1050/52]) MATHILDE de Flandre,daughter of BAUDOUIN V "le Pieux/Insulanus" Count of Flanders & hiswife Adela de France ([1032]-Caen 2 Nov 1083, bur Caen, Abbey of HolyTrinity). The Genealogica Comitum Flandriæ Bertiniana names (inorder) "Balduinum Haanoniensem, et Robdbertum cognomento posteaIherosolimitanum, et Matilde uxorem Guillelmi regis Anglorum" as thechildren of "Balduinum Insulanum [et] Adelam"[14]. Her parentage isalso stated by Orderic Vitalis[15]. She founded the abbey of laTrinité at Caen, as confirmed by an undated manuscript which recordsthe death "pridie nonas julias" of "abbatissam Mathildem" in the 54thyear in which she held the position and names "Mathildem Anglorumreginam, nostri cœnobii fondatricem, Adilidem, Mathildem, Constantiam,filias eius" heading the list of the names of nuns at the abbey[16].Florence of Worcester records that "comitissa Mahtilda de Normannia"came to England 23 Mar [1068] and was crowned "die Pentecostes [11May]" by Aldred Archbishop of York[17]. Orderic Vitalis also recordsthat she was crowned Queen of England 11 May 1068[18], presumably atWestminster Abbey or Winchester Cathedral although this appears to beunrecorded. Queen Matilda acted as regent in Normandy during herhusband's absences in England. The necrology of the abbey ofSaint-Denis records the death "IV Non Nov" of "Matildis Anglorumregina"[19]. Guillaume de Jumièges records the burial of QueenMathilde on 3 Nov 1081 at Holy Trinity, Caen[20]. Florence ofWorcester records the death "IV Non Nov" in [1083] of "reginaMahtilda" in Normandy and her burial at Caen[21]. King William I & his wife had ten children: 1. ROBERT de Normandie (Normandy [1052/54]-Cardiff Castle [3]Feb 1134, bur Gloucester Cathedral[22]). William of Malmesbury namesRobert as eldest son of King William I[23]. "Roberti filii suiNormannorum comitis, Richardi filii sui…" subscribed the charter datedApr 1067 under which "Willelmus…dux Normannorum…Anglorum rex"confirmed rights to the abbey of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire[24]. OrdericVitalis records that, after unsuccessfully aspiring to govern Normandyand Maine during the lifetime of his father, Robert rebelled in 1079and went into exile in Flanders[25]. William of Malmesbury andOrderic Vitalis both state that he was assisted in his rebellion byPhilippe I King of France and that he wounded his father in battle atGerberoy[26]. He succeeded his father in 1087 as ROBERT “Curthose”Duke of Normandy, his nickname due, according to William of Malmesburyand Orderic Vitalis, to his short stature which he presumablyinherited from his mother who was also reputed to have been veryshort[27]. He joined the contingent of Robert II Count of Flanders onthe First Crusade in Sep 1096, together with Etienne Comte de Blois,after pledging the duchy of Normandy to his brother King William for10,000 marks of silver in order to fund the expedition[28]. Albert ofAix records the arrival in Constantinople of "Robertus Normannorumcomes, Stephanus Blesensis, Eustachius frater prædicti Ducis", datedto early 1097 from the context[29]. Following the capture ofJerusalem, Robert left Palestine to return to Europe in Sep 1099[30].On returning to Normandy in Autumn 1100, he recovered his duchywithout opposition[31]. He landed at Portsmouth in 1102 aiming todisplace his brother King Henry I as king of England, but waspersuaded to return to Normandy on payment of 3,000 marks[32]. Hisbrother King Henry invaded Normandy and defeated Robert at the battleof Tinchebrai[33], declaring himself duke of Normandy 28 Sep 1106.King Henry took Robert in captivity back to England, where Robertremained in prison for the rest of his life. Robert of Torignyrecords the death in 1134 of "Robertus dux Normannorum filius Willermiregis…primogenitus" and his burial at Gloucester[34]. The Continuatorof Florence of Worcester records the death at Cardiff in [1134] of"Rotbertus frater regis Heinrici quondam comes Normanniæ" and hisburial in Gloucester[35]. - DUKES of NORMANDY. 2. RICHARD de Normandie (Normandy [1054 or 1056]-1075 or 1081,bur Winchester Cathedral). William of Malmesbury records that he wasthe second son of King William I[36]. "The next-born after Robert"according to Orderic Vitalis[37] who, from the context of this passageappears to be taking into account daughters as well as sons in hislist of the king's children although, critically for deciding thebirth order of the older children, he omits Cecilia in this section."Roberti filii sui Normannorum comitis, Richardi filii sui…"subscribed the charter dated Apr 1067 under which "Willelmus…duxNormannorum…Anglorum rex" confirmed rights to the abbey ofSaint-Benoît-sur-Loire[38]. Duc de Bernay, in Normandy. According toWilliam of Malmesbury, he "contracted a disorder from a stream of foulair while hunting deer in the New Forest"[39]. Florence of Worcesterrecords that "Willelmi iunioris germanus Ricardus" was killed in theNew Forest long before, when recording the death of his brother KingWilliam II[40]. Orderic Vitalis recounts that "when a youth who hadnot yet received the belt of knighthood, had gone hunting in the NewForest and whilst he was galloping in pursuit of a wild beast he hadbeen badly crushed between a strong hazel branch and the pommel of hissaddle, and mortally injured" dying soon after[41]. Guillaume deJumièges records a similar, but less specific, story, saying thatRichard was hunting, knocked himself against a tree, fell ill and diedfrom his injury[42]. 3. ADELAIDE [Adelisa] de Normandie ([1055]-7 Dec, 1066 orafter). Orderic Vitalis records the betrothal of Adelaide and HaroldGodwinson, listing her after Agatha and before Constance in hisdescription of the careers of the daughters of King William[43]. Thesources are contradictory concerning the name of the daughterbetrothed to Harold Godwinson, as well as the timing of her death.The only near certainty is that it would presumably have been theoldest available daughter who was betrothed to Harold. Matthew Parisdoes not name her but lists her fourth among the daughters of KingWilliam, while distinguishing her from the fifth daughter betrothed to"Aldefonso Galiciæ regi"[44]. Guillaume de Jumièges records that DukeGuillaume betrothed his daughter Adelise to Harold, in a later passage(in which he does not repeat her name) stating that she was the thirddaughter and that she died a virgin although she was of an age tomarry[45]. Chibnall specifies[46] that this reference is contained inthe interpolations written by Orderic Vitalis, the latter chroniclertherefore contradicting his statement in his own work that Agatha wasthe name of the daughter who was betrothed to King Harold. OrdericVitalis says that Adelaide "a most fair maiden vowed herself to Godwhen she reached marriageable age and made a pious end under theprotection of Roger of Beaumont"[47]. The daughter betrothed toHarold was alive in early 1066, according to Eadmer of Canterbury[48]who says that Duke Guillaume requested King Harold, soon after hisaccession, to keep his promise to marry his daughter. This iscontradicted by William of Malmesbury[49], who says that her deathbefore that of Edward "the Confessor" was taken by King Harold II asmarking absolution from his oath to Duke Guillaume. She died as a nunat Préaux[50]. A manuscript of la Trinité de Caen names "MathildemAnglorum reginam, nostri cœnobii fondatricem, Adilidem, Mathildem,Constantiam, filias eius" heading the list of the names of nuns at theabbey[51], which, if the order of names is significant, indicates thatAdelaide was older than her two named sisters. The necrology ofChartres cathedral records the death "VII Id Dec" of "Adeliza filiaregis Anglorum", stating that her father made a donation for hersoul[52]. The necrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the deathof "Adelina filia regis Anglorum", undated but listed among deaths atthe end of the calendar year[53]. Betrothed ([1064/65]) to HAROLDGodwinson Earl of Wessex, son of GODWIN Earl of Wessex & his wifeGytha of Denmark ([1022/25]-killed in battle Hastings 14 Oct 1066, bur[Waltham Abbey]), who succeeded in 1066 as HAROLD II King of England. 4. MATHILDE de Normandie (-26 Apr or 6 Jul [1113]). Thenecrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the death "VI Kal Mai" of"Mathildis filia Willelmi regis Anglorum"[54]. She is not named as adaughter of King William by either William of Malmesbury or OrdericVitalis. There is no basis for assessing her order of birth among theother known daughters of the king. An undated manuscript records thedeath "pridie nonas julias" of "abbatissam Mathildem" in the 54th yearin which she held the position[55]. The same source names "MathildemAnglorum reginam, nostri cœnobii fondatricem, Adilidem, Mathildem,Constantiam, filias eius" heading the list of the names of nuns at theabbey[56]. If this is correct, and even assuming that she wasappointed abbess as a child, Mathilde must have been one of the oldestof her father´s children, but younger than her sister Adelaide.Delisle dates her death to [1113][57], on the basis of Orderic Vitalisrecording that her successor as abbess of la Trinité de Caen, hersister Cecilia, died 13 Jul 1127 after 14 years as abbess[58]. 5. CECILIA de Normandie (-Caen 3/13 Jul [1126/27], bur Caen,Abbey of Holy Trinity). She is named first in his list of KingWilliam's daughters by William of Malmesbury and by Matthew Paris[59].Orderic Vitalis, in his list of the king's children which appears toplace both the sons and daughters together in birth order[60],unfortunately omits Cecilia, rendering it particularly difficult todecide if she was older or younger than her brother Richard.Guillaume de Jumièges names Cecile as eldest daughter, stating thatshe was a nun at the convent of Holy Trinity at Caen[61]. Amanuscript at Caen names "Mathildem Anglorum reginam, nostri cœnobiifondatricem, Adilidem, Mathildem, Constantiam, filias eius" headingthe list of the names of nuns at the abbey[62], which, if the order ofnames is significant, indicates that Cecilia was younger than hersisters Adelaide and Mathilde. Her parents offered her as an oblateto the nunnery of the Holy Trinity, Caen (founded by her mother) 18Jun 1066[63], probably in part to obtain divine blessing for herfather´s project to invade England. She became a nun there in1075[64], her tutor being Arnoul de Choques who later becameChancellor to her brother Robert "Curthose" Duke of Normandy, andsubsequently Patriarch of Jerusalem[65]. She succeeded her sisterMathilde as abbess of la Trinité de Caen in [1113][66]. The ChroniconS. Stephani Cadomensis records the death in 1126 of "CeciliaAbbatissa, Willelmi Regis filia"[67]. 6. GUILLAUME de Normandie ([1056/60]-killed in the New Forest2 Aug 1100, bur Winchester Cathedral[68]). William of Malmesburyrecords that he was the third son of King William I[69]. He left hisfather's deathbed in Normandy in Sep 1087 to rush to England to claimthe throne, succeeding as WILLIAM II “Rufus” King of England, crownedat Westminster Abbey 26 Sep 1087. Florence of Worcester records thatKing William was crowned "VI Kal Oct" of King William at WestminsterAbbey[70]. His reign was characterised by bitter rivalry with hisbrother Robert in Normandy, even harsher imposition of Norman rule inEngland than by his father, and growing resentment of his ways amongthe nobility. Florence of Worcester records the death "IV Non Aug" ofKing William in the New Forest, killed by an arrow shot by "quodamFranco Waltero cognomento Tirello" [châtelain de Poix et de Pontoise],and his burial "Wintoniam in Veteri Monasterio in ecclesia SPetri"[71]. Orderic Vitalis records that he was killed while hunting,maybe murdered, by an arrow shot by Walter Tirel[72]. According toOrderic Vitalis, he "never had a lawful wife but gave himself upinsatiably to obscene fornications and repeated adulteries"[73]. Thenecrology of Saint-Nicaise de Meulan records the death "II Non Aug" of"Guillelmus rex Anglorum filius Guillelmi regis"[74]. 7. CONSTANCE de Normandie (Normandy [1057/1061]-13 Aug 1090,bur Church of St Melans near Rhedon). Listed by Orderic Vitalis afterAdelaide and before Adela in his description of the careers of thedaughters of King William[75]. Named first in his list of thedaughters of King William I by Matthew Paris[76]. Guillaume deJumièges names Constance as second daughter, naming her husband "AlainFergant comte de la petite Bretagne et fils d'Hoel, qui avait succédéà Conan" and specifying that she died childless[77]. The ChroniconRuyensis Cœnobii records the marriage in 1086 of "Alanus" and"Constantiam filiam Regis Anglorum Guillelmi"[78]. The ChroniconKemperlegiensis records the marriage in 1087 of "Alanus Hoëli Consulisfilius" and "Constantiam Guillelmi Regis Anglorum filiam"[79]. TheChronicon Britannico Alter records the marriage in 1088 of "Alanus"and "Constantiam filam Regis Guillelmi Anglorum"[80]. Orderic Vitalisrecords that she was married in Bayeux[81]. William of Malmesburylists her as second daughter after Cecilia, adding that "she excitedthe inhabitants [of Brittany] by the severity of her justice toadminister a poisonous potion to her"[82]. Orderic Vitalis, on theother hand, says that she "did everything in her power to further thewelfare of her subjects" and "was deeply grieved when she died"[83]."Alanus dux Britannorum et Constantia uxor eius" donated property tothe priory of Livré by charter dated 31 Jul 1089[84]. The ChroniconBritannico Alter records the death in 1090 of "Constantia Alaniconiux…sine liberis"[85]. The Chronicon Universum in the cartulary ofSainte-Croix de Quimperlé records the death in 1090 of "Constantiacomitissa filia regis Anglorum"[86]. m (Bayeux [1086/88]) as hisfirst wife, ALAIN IV “Fergant” Duke of Brittany, son of HOËL V Comtede Cornouaille, de Léon et de Nantes & his wife Havise heiress ofBrittany (-13 Oct 1119). 8. AGATHE de Normandie (-before 1074, bur Bayeux Cathedral).Listed by Orderic Vitalis after Richard and before Adelaide in hisdescription of the careers of the children of King William[87].According to William of Malmesbury, an unnamed daughter of KingWilliam was "affianced by messengers" to King Alfonso[88]. OrdericVitalis names her Agatha, identifying her as the daughter who had beenbetrothed to Harold Godwinson (see above), and says that she wasbetrothed to "Amfursio regi Galliciæ"[89]. Matthew Paris places heras the fifth daughter (unnamed) betrothed to "Aldefonso Galiciæ regi",but different from the daughter betrothed to Harold[90]. Orderic saysthat she died en route to Spain, her body being brought back to Bayeuxfor burial[91]. The betrothal to Alfonso must have been a short-livedarrangement as he married his first wife in 1069[92]. Betrothed (byproxy Caen, Abbey of Holy Trinity [before 1069]) to ALFONSO VI King ofGalicia and Leon, son of FERNANDO I King of Castile & his wife Infantadoña Sancha de Léon (Compostela [1037]-Toledo 30 Jun 1109, burSahagún, León, San Mancio chapel in the royal monastery of SantosFacundo y Primitivo). He succeeded in 1072 as ALFONSO VI King ofCastile. [Betrothed ([after 1069]) to SIMON du Vexin, son of RAOULIII “le Grand” Comte de Valois & his first wife Aelis de Bar-sur-Aube(-[30 Sep/1 Oct] 1080 Rome, bur 1082 Rome St Peter). The Vita Simonisrecords a ficitional speech of William I King of England in which heoffers his (unnamed) daughter's hand to Simon, specifying that she hadpreviously been betrothed to "regis Hispaniarum Anfursi et Robertiprincipis Apuliæ"[93]. The supposed betrothal to Robert of Apulia(which would have to refer to Robert "Guiscard" Duke of Apulia) isunrecorded in the numerous other sources dealing with his life and isprobably pure fantasy. This does not instil confidence with respectto the historical accuracy of the whole passage, but if it is correctthe daughter in question would presumably have been Agatha who wasprobably the daughter of King William betrothed to "Amfursio regiGalliciæ" (see above). Count Simon resigned his county in 1077,became a monk and went on pilgrimage to Rome where he died[94].] 9. ADELA de Normandie (Normandy [1066/67]-Marigney-sur-Loire 8Mar 1138, bur Abbey of Holy Trinity, Caen). She is listed by OrdericVitalis last among the daughters of King William in his description oftheir careers[95]. She is named third in his list of the daughters ofKing William I by Matthew Paris[96], but this appears unlikely in viewof Adela's child-bearing until her husband's death in 1102. Her birthdate is estimated bearing in mind that marriage frequently took placein early adolescence at the time, and also because Adela clearlycontinued to bear children right up to her husband's death. OrdericVitalis records that she encouraged her husband to join the FirstCrusade and did not hide her shame when he deserted from Antioch in1098[97]. Regent of Blois 1102-1107, after the death of her husband.She became a nun at the Cluniac priory of Marigney-sur-Loire in[1122]. The necrology of Chartres cathedral records the death "VIIIId Mar" of "Adela comitissa"[98], and in another manuscript the death"VIII Id Mar" of "Adela nobilis Blesensium comitissa regis AnglorumWillelmi filia"[99]. m (Betrothed Breteuil[100] 1080, Chartres[101]1081) ETIENNE [Henri] de Blois, son of THIBAUT III Comte de Blois &his [first/second wife Gersende de Maine/Gundrada ---] (-killed inbattle Ramleh 19 May 1102). He succeeded his father in 1089 asETIENNE Comte de Blois, de Chartres, de Châteaudun, de Sancerre et deMeaux. a) ETIENNE de Blois (Blois [1096/97]-Dover 25 Oct 1154, burFaversham Abbey, Kent). After the death of his uncle Henry I King ofEngland, he crossed at once to England before his rival, King Henry'sdaughter Maud, and had himself crowned as STEPHEN King of England atWestminster Abbey 22 Dec 1135. - see below, Chapter 2. - other children: COMTES de BLOIS. 10. HENRY of England ([Selby, Yorkshire Sep 1068]-Saint-Denis leFerment, Forêt d’Angers near Rouen 1/2 Dec 1135, bur Reading Abbey,Berkshire). Orderic Vitalis records that Henry was born "within ayear" of his mother's coronation on 11 May 1068[102]. He succeededhis brother 3 Aug 1100 as HENRY I “Beauclerc” King of England.

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Titel	Familienstammbaum Engelken
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Hochgeladen	2014-12-22 06:03:51.0
Einsender	Roger Engelken
E-Mail	rengelken@msn.com
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