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Zaida of Seville, ca. 1070-1093/1107 (?), was a refugee Muslim princess who was a mistress and then perhaps wife of king Alfonso VI of Castile.[1] She is said by Iberian Muslim sources to have been the daughter-in-law of Al Mutamid, the Muslim King of Seville, wife of his son Abu al Fatah al Ma'mun, ruler of the Taifa of Córdoba, (d. 1091).[2][3][4][5][6] Later Iberian Christian chroniclers call her Al Mutamid's daughter, but the Islamic chroniclers are considered more reliable.[2][4][5][6] With the fall of Seville to the Almoravids, she fled to the protection of Alfonso VI of Castile, becoming his mistress, converting to Roman Catholic Christianity and taking the baptismal name of Isabel.[2][4][5][6] She was the mother of Alfonso VI of Castile's only son, Sancho,[2][4][5][6] who, though illegitimate, was named his father's heir but was killed in the Battle of Uclés of 1108 during his father's lifetime. It has been suggested that Alfonso's fourth wife, Isabel, was identical to Zaida,[7][6][8][9] but this is still subject to scholarly debate, others making Queen Isabel distinct from the mistress[2][4][5] or suggesting that Alfonso had two successive wives of this name, with Zaida being the second Queen Isabel.[10] Alfonso's daughters Elvira and Sancha, were by Queen Isabel, and hence may have been Zaida's.[2][5][6][10] Queen Isabel is last seen in May 1107.[2] Zaida is said to have died in childbirth, but it is unclear whether this was at the birth of her known son, Sancho, in 1093, when Queen Isabel disappears from the historical documentation in 1107, perhaps at the birth of whichever was the younger daughter of the queen, Sancha or Elvira, or at the birth of a different child of Zaida, otherwise unknown.[2][5][6] A funerary marker once at Sahagun bore the inscription: H.R. Regina Elisabeth, uxor regis Adefonsi, filia Benabet Regis Sevillae, quae prius Zayda, fuit vocata ("Queen Isabel, wife of King Alfonso, daughter of Aben-abeth, king of Seville; previously called Zayda.") The tomb was later moved to Leon where the sepulchre and inscription can now be found. A second inscription memorializes Queen Isabel, making her daughter of Louis, King of France (although there was no such king in the generation prior to Queen Isabel). Both memorials are non-contemporary and neither is generally viewed as credible.[2][4][5][6] Notes Reilly 1995, p. 92. Canal Sánchez-Pagín 1991. Lévi-Provençal 1934. Montaner Frutos 2005. Palencia 1988. Salazar y Acha 1992-1993. Martínez Díez 2003. Salazar y Acha 2007. Fernández-Montes y Corrales 2017. Reilly 1988. References Alio, Jacqueline (2018). Queens of Sicily 1061-1266. New York: Trinacria. Canal Sánchez-Pagín, José María (1991). "Jimena Muñoz, Amiga de Alfonso VI". Anuario de Estudios Medievales. 21: 11-40. Fernándes-Montes y Corrales, Luis Miguel (2017). "La Mora Zaida o la Reina Isabel, ¿De Concubina a Reina". Antigua, Cápsula Histórica. Lévi-Provençal, Évariste (1934). "La 'Mora Zaida' femme d'Alfonse VI de Castile et leur fils l'Infant D. Sancho". Hesperis. 18: 1-8, 200-1. Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2003). Alfonso VI: Señor del Cid, conquistador de Toledo. Montaner Frutos, Alberto (2005). "La Mora Zaida, entre historia y leyenda (con una reflexión sobre la técnica historiográfica alfonsí)". Historicist Essays on Hispano-Medieval Narrative: In Memory of Roger M. Walker. pp. 272-352. Palencia, Clemente (1988). "Historia y leyendas de las mujeres de Alfonso VI". Estudios sobre Alfonso VI y la reconquista de Toledo. pp. 281-90. Reilly, Bernard F. (1988). The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065-1109. Princeton University Press. Reilly, Bernard F. (1995). The Contest of Christian and Muslim Spain, 1031-1157. Blackwell. Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (1992-1993). "Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial". Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía. 2: 299-336. Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (2007). "De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida". Hidalguía: la Revista de Genealogía, Nobleza y Armas. 54: 225-242. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Zaida Bishop Pelagius of Oviedo mentions Zaida as one of the king's two concubines and says that she was the daughter of Al-Mu'tamid ibn Abbad, ruler of the Taifa of Seville. In fact, she was his daughter-in-law, married to his son Abu Nasr Al-Fath al-Ma'mun, ruler of the Taifa of Córdoba.[98][99] In March 1091, the Almoravid army besieged the city of Córdoba. Zaida's husband, who died during the siege on 26-27 March, sent his wife and children to Almodóvar del Río as a precautionary measure. After becoming a widow, Zaida sought protection at the court of the Leonese king and she and her children converted to Christianity; she was baptized with the name "Isabel" and became the king's concubine.[100] She bore him one son: Sancho Alfónsez (c. 1094 - 29 May 1108),[101][102] Alfonso VI's only son and heir. His premature death in the Battle of Uclés so grieved his father that he too soon died. In the chronicle De rebus Hispaniae, by the Archbishop of Toledo Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, Zaida is counted among the wives of Alfonso VI. But the Chronica Naierensis and the Chronicon mundi indicate that Zaida was a concubine and not the wife of Alfonso VI.[103] According to Jaime de Salazar y Acha, followed by other authors, among them, Gonzalo Martínez Diez, they married in 1100, and with this ceremony their son was legitimized and declared heir of the Kingdoms of León and Castile.[104][105][66] For Salazar y Acha, Zaida and the fourth wife of Alfonso VI, Isabel, are the same person, "despite of the impotent efforts of later historians to try to prove that she was not the Moor Zaida",[106] and, accordingly, she would also be the mother of Elvira and Sancha Alfónsez.[107] Another reason the author mentions to support this hypothesis was that shortly after the marriage of the king with Isabel, his son Sancho begins to confirm royal charters and, if Isabel and Zaida were not the same person, the new queen would not have allowed the new protagonism of Sancho in detriment of her possible future sons.[108] He also cites a charter from the cathedral of Astorga dated 14 April 1107 where Alfonso VI grants some fueros and acts cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancio (with my wife Isabel and our son Sancho).[108] This is the only document where Sancho is referred to as "our son", since in others he only appears as the king's son even though Queen Isabel also confirms the charters. Reilly accepts that there were two Isabels: the Moor Zaida (baptized Isabel) and the other Isabel, but argues that to reinforce the position of Sancho Alfónsez, the king annulled his marriage to Isabel in March 1106 and married Zaida.[66][109] The hypothesis that Alfonso VI had married Zaida was rejected by Menéndez Pidal and Lévi-Provençal.[110] On 27 March 1106, Alfonso VI confirmed a donation to the monastery of Lorenzana: (...) eiusdemque Helisabeth regina sub maritali copula legaliter aderente, an unusual formula that confirms a legitimate marriage.[111] Salazar y Acha and Reilly interpret this quote as proof that the king had married Zaida, thus legitimizing their son and the relationship of concubinage.[112][113] Gambra, however, disagrees and says that it is "an extremely weak argument, starting with the documentary reference, which is scarcely significant. Its character is rather ornamental and literary".[112] Montaner Frutos also says that this hypothesis is "unlikely and problematic" since it was not necessary for the king to marry Zaida to legitimize his son and that, furthermore, the French Isabel died in 1107 according to her epitaph.[114] Montaner Frutos also mentions a donation from Queen Urraca years later, in 1115, when she donated properties to Toledo Cathedral and only mentions one Isabel as the king's wife.[i] From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
William B.
